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Protein-Based Nanoparticle Materials for Medical Applications
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Kelsey DeFrates, Theodore Markiewicz, Pamela Gallo, Aaron Rack, Aubrie Weyhmiller, Brandon Jarmusik, Xiao Hu
Nanoparticle size can vary depending on the molecular weight of the protein polymer used. Typically, nanoparticle size ranges from 1–100 nm but they can extend to 1000 nanometers in diameter [4a, 111]. One way to control nanoparticle size is to prevent aggregation of the nanoparticles, which can be done by introducing chemicals that help prevent this aggregation by reducing disulfide bonds or by altering the charge state of the polymers [112]. Other factors related to controlling the size of the nanoparticles vary by the technique used to produce them. With the spray drying nanoparticle manufacturing technique, the size of the particles can be altered by changing the size of the nozzle used to spray the polymeric nanoparticle solution into the drying chamber; the size can also be altered by the speed at which the solution is sprayed [101].
Protein-Based Nanoparticle Materials for Medical Applications
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Kelsey DeFrates, Theodore Markiewicz, Pamela Gallo, Aaron Rack, Aubrie Weyhmiller, Brandon Jarmusik, Xiao Hu
Nanoparticle size can vary depending on the molecular weight of the protein polymer used. Typically, nanoparticle size ranges from 1–100 nm but they can extend to 1000 nanometers in diameter [4a, 111]. One way to control nanoparticle size is to prevent aggregation of the nanoparticles, which can be done by introducing chemicals that help prevent this aggregation by reducing disulfide bonds or by altering the charge state of the polymers [112]. Other factors related to controlling the size of the nanoparticles vary by the technique used to produce them. With the spray drying nanoparticle manufacturing technique, the size of the particles can be altered by changing the size of the nozzle used to spray the polymeric nanoparticle solution into the drying chamber; the size can also be altered by the speed at which the solution is sprayed [101].
Zero Liquid Discharge
Published in Ashok K. Rathoure, Zero Waste, 2019
Ashok K. Rathoure, Tinkal Patel, Devyani Bagrecha
Spray drying is a process in which a liquid or slurry solution is sprayed into a hot gas stream in the form of a mist of fine droplets. In power generation, spray dryers are most commonly used in spray dryer absorption (SDA) applications in which an alkaline slurry is used to remove acid gases from a flue gas stream. Spray drying applications extend well beyond power generation and include the production of laundry detergents, pharmaceuticals, plastics, pigments, instant coffee, powdered milk and many more. Another spray drying application is salt drying. In salt drying applications, a liquid or slurry containing a significant concentration of dissolved salts is dried in a hot gas stream. During the drying process, as water is evaporated, the dissolved salts concentrate in solution (Klidas, 2016).
Role of drying technology in probiotic encapsulation and impact on food safety
Published in Drying Technology, 2022
Rachna Sehrawat, S. Abdullah, Prateek Khatri, Lokesh Kumar, Anit Kumar, Arun Sadashiv Mujumdar
The spray drying process is affected by inlet temperature, airflow rate, feed flow rate, and carrier agent types and concentrations. It is one of the most popular and oldest technology for encapsulation on an industrial scale. It is economical, flexible, hygienic, provides high throughput, and operates continuously.[24] Nedovic et al.[28] stated that around 80 to 90% of the industrial encapsulates are produced using spray drying technology. On the other hand, the limitation of this technique is that it requires a high initial investment due to the high cost of its auxiliary parts like atomizer, etc. Moreover, controlling the particle size of the spray-dried powder is very challenging. Additionally, uneven drying might happen due to the drying chamber’s variable temperature zones.[29,30]
Effect of modified starches and gum arabic on the stability of carotenoids in paprika oleoresin microparticles
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Ana Gabriela da Silva Anthero, Eveling Oliveira Bezerra, Talita Aline Comunian, Fernanda Ramalho Procópio, Miriam Dupas Hubinger
With the introduction of encapsulation techniques in the food industry, the above mentioned limitations can be managed. Carotenoids from sea buckthorn were encapsulated by coacervation and freeze drying method [5], and they were also extracted from microorganisms (Halophilic Archaea) and encapsulated by micro and nano oil-in- water emulsions. [6,7] In another research, carotenoids from gac peel oil and paprika oleoresin were microencpsulated using the spray drying technique.[3,8,9] Among these techniques, the combination of micro-emulsion production followed by spray drying is a cost-efficient process. In addition, this technique can be easily produced on a great industrial scale using minimal energy consumption. The major advantage of spray drying is to produce powder particles with low moisture content and water activity, thus further increasing its stability and shelf life for storage.[10]
A practical CFD modeling approach to estimate outlet boundary conditions of industrial multistage spray dryers: Inert particle flow field investigation
Published in Drying Technology, 2019
Sepideh Afshar, Lloyd Metzger, Hasmukh Patel, Cordelia Selomulya, Meng Wai Woo
Spray drying is a process to convert liquid feed into dry powders by atomizing the feed into hot air and is widely used in the dairy industry.[1] Due to large-scale production volume and the constantly changing product formulation encountered in the dairy industry, especially spurred by the growing infant formula market, specialized powders, and whey products, there is a strong interest to better predict the right spray drying conditions to achieve optimal product quality. The spray drying process involves complex multiphase phenomena in which droplets are transported and dispersed turbulently within the drying chamber. At the same time, there are simultaneous heat and mass transfers occurring between the droplet or particle phase with the drying air phase. Several approaches are available to predict this process with various assumptions and varying degree of details in the prediction. Earlier works assumed a fixed averaged path of travel for the particles.[2–4] For spray towers with a relatively long geometry, one-dimensional plug flow-like spreadsheet simulations have been reported.[5–7] The predictive approach, which currently gives the highest level of details, is by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique.[8–10] This technique is useful in mathematically capturing spray dryers with non-conventional geometries and may be used to predict phenomena such as agglomeration, deposition or product quality changes within the drying chamber.