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Plants and Equipment
Published in Carl Bozzuto, Boiler Operator's Handbook, 2021
Shim stock of varying thicknesses will be needed. Commonly, shims are thin sheets of brass (preferably) or steel in varying thicknesses. Normally, some materials in 10, 5, 2, and 1mil thicknesses will be needed (A mil being one thousandth of an inch). Occasionally, thicker pieces are required. Of course, this assumes that the pump was reasonably aligned in the factory. Sometimes, it takes some major pieces to rough in before dealing with the thinner pieces. Shims should be prepared as shown in Figure 10-63 so that they can be slipped under the supports of the driver (normally) and around its anchor bolts. It is important to make the slot at least a sixteenth larger than the anchor bolt. Be careful with their installation. Be sure that they do not interfere with bolting. When aligning a pump and turbine, it is sometimes easier to align the pump to the turbine. An electric motor does not have any connecting piping. That makes it easier to move the motor to achieve alignment.
Pricing balance of general contractor self-performed work
Published in Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger, Construction Cost Estimating, 2021
Len Holm, John E. Schaufelberger
As discussed earlier, pricing recapitulation (recap) sheets for structural and miscellaneous steel erection contains tasks that are not necessarily shown as columns on the quantity sheets. Many scopes that require pricing have similar quantities as other measured items, and some are too small to quantify but still require allowances or plug estimates. One small steel item that is often overlooked is shim material. Shims are small pieces of steel plate that are used under column base plates to set them to the proper elevation. The fabricator does not furnish shims, and the estimator must determine their cost and include them as a line item on the pricing recap. Some companies have historical data that allows a percentage of the steel cost to be used to cover items such as shims.
Principles of Energy Conversion
Published in Hamid A. Toliyat, Gerald B. Kliman, Handbook of Electric Motors, 2018
Hamid A. Toliyat, Gerald B. Kliman
Shims are used to assist in the proper leveling and alignment of a motor. The motor manufacturer can furnish shims, if specified. If a particular material or thickness is desired, it must be specified. Jacking screws may also be used for leveling and alignment. If specified, jacking screws for vertical alignment can be provided in the motor base. Jacking screws for horizontal alignment are also available if specified, but the motor must be mounted on a subbase or soleplate.
Performance analysis of diesel engine using Madhuca longifolia blended biodiesel with nano-additive for variable parameters
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2023
Atul Bhattad, Kishore Singh Patel
Fuel injection pressure varied by altering the spring tension of the injector nozzle’s needle. Fuel injection time was adjusted by manually adjusting the shim thickness at the connection point between the pump and the Engine. By changing the fuel injection timing, one can get more power from the engine and boost the engine’s performance in terms of fuel consumption. The authors used a 4-stroke diesel engine with diesel fuel and B25 (25% MLME + 75% Diesel) with 100 ppm titania (B25 + 100 ppm) to conduct the experiments at various injection pressures 200bar, 220 bar, 240 bar, and 260bar. The tests were executed at a 1500 rpm speed for B25 + 100 ppm nanoparticle blends under varying load conditions. For the biodiesel produced from Madhuca longifolia seed oil, optimised injection pressure and timing were found as 240 bar and 27o BTDC. A comparison of results between B25 + 100 ppm fuel, biodiesel, and diesel (200bar and 23o BTDC) was performed.
Influence of butanol addition on the CI engine performance fuelled with treated waste engine oil
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
In the present study, a single, 3-hole jet injector is deployed assisted by the mechanical centrifugal type governor for injecting the fuel into the cylinder. The nozzle opening pressure is maintained at 200bar. Variation of injection pressure [33-35] was done by placing a washer of 0.20mm for every 10 bar variation in between the nozzle and injector spring. The nozzle opening pressure obtained before and after setting was measured by calibrated gauge with a dial. The injector was clamped in the arms of the gauge and the tripping fuel pressure was measured and indicted in the dial. This ensured the proper setting of the nozzle opening pressure. Normal injection timing is maintained at 23⁰BTDC. Variation of injection timing was done by placing a shim of 0.25m (to attain 3⁰advance) between the engine and the fuel pump. The shim used has been calibrated and supplied by the manufacturer to attain the specified angle. The air preheater is used to preheat the incoming air and it is fixed in the suction side of the engine. In the present study, a heater of coil type of 1.0kVA capacity is used for heating the incoming air. The temperature of the coil can be varied by varying the input electrical supply by a power regulator installed with the heater. The temperature of the incoming air to the air preheater and outgoing air from the air preheater has been measured by two separate k-type thermocouples which is duly calibrated and enabled with electronic readout.
Influence of injection timing on engine performance, emission characteristics of Mimusops Elangi methyl ester
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
R. L. Krupakaran, T. Hariprasasd, A. Gopalakrishna
The experimental investigations were carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the various physicochemical properties of diesel–biodiesel blends were determined and conducted the engine performance on the blending of M.Elangi methyl ester with diesel fuel at various percentages like 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 100%. In the second phase, the fuel properties and experimental investigation of fuel born additive to B20 at various of dosage levels like 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm. In third phase, the test was performed for B20 + 25 ppm nanoparticle blends with varying load conditions at an invariant speed of 1500 rpm. The timing was varied by varying the shim thickness at the connection point between the pump and the engine and is shown in Figure 3(a–d). Reducing the shim thickness by 0.3 mm advances the injection timing by 2° CA. The engine operating conditions such as injection pressure and timing were optimised to 200 bar and 25° bTDC for the biodiesel produced from MEO. The results obtained with B20 + 25 ppm fuel were compared with that of biodiesel at the optimised condition and diesel at standard operating condition (200 bar and 23° bTDC). Initially the engine was made to run in an idle state for 20 min to achieve the steady-state condition by maintaining its temperature level.