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Off-Road and Heavy Equipment Lubricants and Lubrication
Published in Leslie R. Rudnick, Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants, 2020
Considering the critical impact of engine oil’s viscosity on reducing wear in engines, measuring this parameter is of high importance. SAE J300 defines various parameters describing oil viscosity and sets the limits that define viscosity grades. Viscosity under pumping, shearing, low-temperature, and high-temperature conditions are measured in standard tests. Further rheology tests that can estimate film thickness of an oil under various loads, high pressure and temperature, and under various conditions of rolling and sliding combinations are also used to ensure an oil formulation that can support high loads expected in heavy-duty engines. The need for robust viscosity requirements is evident by the trends to use increasingly robust base stocks, such as Group II and even mixtures of Group II, Group III, and synthetic base stocks in combination with advanced viscosity modifiers to ensure stable viscosity at high and low temperatures.
Oil Film Thickness in Engine Bearings
Published in Wilfried J. Bartz, Engine Oils and Automotive Lubrication, 2019
The answer to the central question of this paper depends entirely on whether or not the film thickness in a journal bearing of an operating engine can be adequately described by one or more laboratory oil rheological properties measurements. Clearly, if relatively straightforward laboratory measurements are available, there is no justification for a more complex, harder to control, more time-consuming and expensive engine test. SAE J300 was originally developed as a table of oil viscosities from which engine designers could choose an oil suitable for use in their engines without having to evaluate a large number of oils in engine tests. The concept of such a table of oil viscometric properties is still valid and desirable.
Internal Combustion Engines
Published in Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner, Lubrication Fundamentals, 2017
Don M. Pirro, Martin Webster, Ekkehard Daschner
The viscosities of engine oils are usually reported according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J300—Engine Oil Viscosity Classification standard. Although this system was originally intended only for automotive engine oils, its use has now been extended to include most oils for internal combustion engines. Engine manufacturers normally specify the viscosities of oils for their engines, according to ambient temperature and operating conditions, by SAE grade.
Raman spectroscopy for the identification of differences in the composition of automobile lubricant oils related to SAE specifications and additives
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2020
Douglas de Jesus Passoni, Marcos Tadeu T. Pacheco, Landulfo Silveira
The SAE J300 standard[5] edited by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) defines the ranges of viscosity grade of lubricant oils and are expressed in two groups of viscosity grades: SAE 0 W, 5 W, 10 W, 15 W, 20 W and 25 W, and SAE 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60. In the first group, the suffix W stands for “winter”, and these grades indicate dynamic viscosity for cold starting and pumping at low temperatures (referred as “winter oils”). The second indicates minimum kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (referred as “summer oils”). The lower the SAE grade number, the lower the viscosity, the thinner the oil film. Also, lubricants can be divided into two categories: monoviscous (with notation for example SAE 40 which considers only the kinematic viscosity) and multiviscous (with notation for example SAE 20W50, which considers the viscosities in both cold and hot temperatures). Another standard used by the oil industry is edited by the American Petroleum Institute (API), which classifies the lubricant oils based on engine technology (performance) and follows the API 1509 standard.[6]