China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The reciprocating piston petrol engine
Published in M.J. Nunney, Light and Heavy Vehicle Technology, 2007
The function of these is to cause both a reversal and a magnification of the motion imparted by the cam and follower to the valve. The valve rocker, or rocker arm, is a short rigid beam that oscillates about an offset pivot of either the journal bearing or the ball-and-socket type. An advantage of the latter type is that it makes the rocker inherently self-aligning, but it is necessary to introduce some means of restraining lateral movement. In cross-section the depth of the rocker arm greatly exceeds its width, since the bending loads imposed upon it are mainly within the plane of oscillation, with very little side loading.
Complex product configuration updating oriented by changing customer requirements
Published in Journal of Engineering Design, 2023
Na Zhang, Wei Gao, Yupeng Li, Qiuyue Wang
The above-coordinated model is solved using a nested GA above. The initial change intensity is set to 3, the cross-module penalty factor is 1, the upper population is 60, the number of iterations is 30, the lower population is 60, and the number of iterations is 80, and the upper and lower crossover and variation probabilities are 0.8 and 0.1. The adjustment factor for the propagation probability μ is set to 1.8. The optimal product configuration scheme is presented in Figure 12 and the layered iterative process is shown in Figure 13. The optimal change propagation path is [1 5 11 12 8 7 9 10], and the corresponding updated configuration scheme is [5 2 3 3 1 1 3 3]. Its objective function value f is 0.315, and the changing difficulty DI = 0.95. That indicates that the optimal configuration update path of this motorbike engine is cylinder block (v1) – camshaft (v5) – timing chain/belt (v11) – crankshaft gears and camshaft gears (v12) – valve spring (v8) – valve (v7) – rocker arm (v9) – pushrod (v10). And the optimal update scheme is stainless steel cylinder (u15), magnesium camshafts(u52), magnesium chain (u113), copper gear (u123), aluminum valve spring (u81), aluminum alloy valve (u71), copper rocker (u93), copper actuator (u103).
An efficient industry 4.0 architecture for energy conservation using an automatic machine monitor and control in the foundry
Published in Automatika, 2022
M. Dinesh, C. Arvind, K. Srihari
A core shooter is a machine that produces several cores using the required die. The core creates a hollow structure inside a casting like a camshaft, piston, rocker arm and brake lever. The CSM consists of a blow unit with a pressure monitor using a pressure gauge to control the temperature on the left heater box and the right heater box, which can be set and monitored using thermocouples. The required die box is mounted on the heater box [13]; the core shooter is switched ON after the required set temperature is achieved. The sand is filled with appropriate pressure in the die box through the blow air to cure the core at a specific temperature. The coated sand gets cured to obtain the required structure of the core in the die box [14]. The CSM plays a virtual role in the automobile manufacturing; the machine output should be of good quality to get a better casting. The internal block representation of the CSM is shown in Figure 1.
Impact of ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether and a gasoline–ethanol blend on the performance characteristics and hydrocarbon emissions of an opposed-piston engine
Published in Biofuels, 2020
The opposed-piston engine has a simpler structure than that of conventional reciprocating engines. Because there are two pistons per cylinder, the opposed-piston engine does not require cylinder blocks, which are the main cause of heat losses in conventional reciprocating engines [1]. In the opposed-piston engine, when the piston reaches bottom dead center, air is discharged from the intake ports of the cylinder and fresh air is taken from the ports under the cylinder. When the pistons are close to each other, the fuel is injected into the compressed air or the air–fuel mixture is ignited via spark plug. The upper and lower pistons each rotate on a separate crankshaft. These two crankshafts are fitted with gears to transmit power to the output shaft. In some opposed engine types, power transmission is carried out via a single crankshaft [1]. The opposed-piston engine does not have a camshaft, rocker arm, valve or valve spring. This reduces engine production costs and gives the engine a simple structure. In addition, opposed-piston engines have higher thermal efficiency, a more compact design, much lower fuel consumption, lower emissions, and lower engine weight than conventional reciprocating engines [2–6].