China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Upstream Exploration: April 2010–October 2011
Published in Christophe Midler, Bernard Jullien, Yannick Lung, Carlos Ghosn, Rethinking Innovation and Design for Emerging Markets, 2017
Christophe Midler, Bernard Jullien, Yannick Lung, Carlos Ghosn
However, as this scenario was explored further, incompatible differences in approach soon surfaced. Bajaj developed its vehicle as a quadricycle, not a car. The alliance with Renault was advantageous, since Bajaj could integrate the European quadricycle standard in India, giving it a decisive competitive edge. For its part, however, Renault quickly saw that even if India met Bajaj’s requirements, it would be impossible to recognize such a product as a car elsewhere in the world. Even in India, the scenario of creating a quadricycle standard seemed quite unlikely, given that competitor Tata would undoubtedly lobby hard against it. Tata had just launched the Nano, which met the Indian automobile standards. When the first images of the Bajaj prototypes were released, the writing was clearly on the wall: it would be impossible to put a Renault logo on such a product without seriously damaging the brand’s image (see the Bajaj mockup in Figure 1.2). Thus the Bajaj hypothesis ended in June of 2011.
A Blockchain Use Case for Car Registration
Published in Kuan-Ching Li, Xiaofeng Chen, Hai Jiang, Elisa Bertino, Essentials of Blockchain Technology, 2019
Tiago Rosado, André Vasconcelos, Miguel Correia
Considering vehicle category’s classification [17], a vehicle can be categorized as able to carry passengers (M), able to carry goods (N), two- or three-wheel vehicle or a quadricycle (L) and agricultural and forestry tractors and their trailers (T). In case of vehicles carrying passengers (M) or goods (N), they are also categorized in classes by their weight as light-duty vehicles when under 3500 kg and heavy-duty vehicles when equal or above 3500 kg. A vehicle can be registered in the car registration system in several conditions; this information is stored as a Vehicle State type. The different available states that a vehicle can belong to are presented in Table 10.1.
Automobile Evaluation and Market Review
Published in G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude, Automotive Systems, 2021
G. K. Awari, V. S. Kumbhar, R. B. Tirpude
The journey of transportation started from the invention of the wheel, initially from the oxcart to high-speed vehicles. Generally, an automobile consists of a number of assembly and subassembly parts. Germany is considered the birthplace of the automobile, as most of the research in automobile has been carried out there. Captain Nicolas Cugnot, a Frenchman, is considered to be the father of automobiles. He built the first self-propelled vehicle in 1969–1970. Self-propelled steam engine vehicles developed in France were named Cugnot’s artillery tractors. The first practical steam car was built by Richard Trevithick of England using a crankshaft in 1802. Julius Griffiths of England designed the first comfortable steam-powered vehicle in 1821. The gas-engine-powered car was built in 1863. Carl Benz of Germany also developed a three-wheel, or three-wheel-drive, vehicle powered by an Otto-cycle internal combustion engine. Carl Benz, the German invented a completely new form of vehicle in 1894. The engine was mounted in front of the frame, connected to the clutch, the transmission of the sliding gear and the differential. The vehicle also had brake pedals and an accelerator. Charles E. Duryea and his brother Frank Duryea of Massachusetts successfully operated the first gasoline-powered vehicle in America on September 12, 1892. The vehicle was powered by a 4-horsepower (2.9 kW) gasoline engine. It became known as the “horseless buggy”. Henry Ford began the development of the “quadricycle” in 1895, which was powered by a two-cylinder gasoline engine. The same year, 300 cars were manufactured in the USA. The first front-mounted power units were installed in Columbia in 1900. In 1901, Oldsmobile began development of its framed curved car wash. The Cadillac Company was founded in 1902. The Brick Motor Company and the Ford Motor Car Company were founded in 1903 and the Packard Company relocated to Detroit. In year 1902, Cadillac produced 1,895 units and Oldsmobile 4,000 units. In 1905, Brick produced 750 cars. In 1908, Ford placed 20,000 of its Model T vehicles on the roads.
Protecting the vulnerable by design – a tribute to Dinesh Mohan(1945–2021)
Published in International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 2021
Kavi Bhalla, Geetam Tiwari, Mathew Varghese, Brian O’Neill, Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
In 2013, when Bajaj, the main Indian manufacturer of autorickshaws, tried to introduce a low-powered quadricycle for use as urban vehicles, Dinesh wrote in support of the vehicle. The RE60 quadricycle is a light (400 kg) 4-wheeled vehicle that is intended for use within city limits, primarily as a taxi. With a 216 cc single-cylinder engine and a power output of only 20 hp (about one-tenth of a typical American car), the quadricycle is highly fuel efficient (40 km/l; 90 mph) and has a top speed of only 70 km/h. Controversy arose because Bajaj applied for the vehicle to be exempt from the safety standards that apply to cars and other vehicle manufacturers vociferously objected. Dinesh pointed out that this sudden concern for safety was disingenuous, especially since most Indian auto-manufacturers had opposed the NCAP safety ratings in India. In fact, Dinesh wrote, the vehicle that came closest to the quadricycle were autorickshaws, which were much safer than cars, as Dinesh had documented in extensive detail. And he argued that we need a separate set of standards for low-speed vehicles that were intended primarily for urban use (Mohan, 2013b). The standard car, he wrote, was ‘an over designed, energy guzzling, highly polluting and wasteful piece of technology’, but small, low-speed and low-weight vehicles like the quadricycle should be encouraged because they use less road space, cause less wear and tear of streets, and have lower impacts on the environment and long-term climate. The RE60 quadricycle is now available in India and is also becoming increasingly common in several African countries.