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Future Trends in Biomedical Applications
Published in Savaş Kaya, Sasikumar Yesudass, Srinivasan Arthanari, Sivakumar Bose, Goncagül Serdaroğlu, Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 2022
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Abdul Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed, Raju Ramasubbu, Ramu Arun Kumar, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Sasikumar Yesudass, Sivakumar Bose
Gaseous microbubbles manufacture high backscatter ultrasound signals; they are 4–5 times supplementarily compressible than tissue or water. Microbubbles experience volumetric fluctuation in the auditory field throughout the irregular difficulty cycles of ultrasound, whereby they are compressed during the pressure peaks and extended during the troughs. Opportunity uses of contrast ultrasound have extended the usage of microbubbles beyond optimizing the left ventricular cavity, improving the description of cardiac and structural Doppler signals and also myocardial perfusion imaging. Microbubbles are currently used to determine molecular and cell pathology contained by the vascular space. The capability to angiogenic vessels, monitor inflammation and premature atheroma are only some few examples of how this technology can be applied. The diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound not just for heart disorders, but also for diseases involving other organs that can be imaged using ultrasound is expected to expand (Anderson 1993). In addition, microbubbles can be used for medicinal applications and can facilitate the delivery of medications, genes or other substances straight to the site of most need. Undoubtedly, even more testing, confirmation and preparation are required before these apparatuses are incorporated into experimental practice—but the future of contrast ultrasound holds enormous hope and enthusiasm (Ahmad and Faiyazuddin 2016).
Ultrasound-Responsive Nanomedicine
Published in Lin Zhu, Stimuli-Responsive Nanomedicine, 2021
Tyrone M. Portera, Jonathan A. Kopechek
Microbubbles coated with a stabilizing shell have been used as ultrasound contrast agents in patients for decades, primarily to image blood flow and perfusion. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is approved for tumor detection in Asia, Europe, and other countries, but in the United States, it is currently approved only to assess left ventricular function. Microbubbles, which are generally ~1–3 microns in diameter, consist of a gas core surrounded by a surfactant such as phospholipid, protein, or polymer. The gas core typically contains a perfluorocarbon or other inert compound with low solubility in water in order to prolong stability in circulation. Antibodies or peptides can be conjugated to the shell for targeted imaging of specific tissues [17–22]. For drug and gene delivery applications, however, even in the absence of antibody conjugation ultrasound can be focused to induce microbubble destruction at a target site.
A visualized investigation on bubble transportation and breakup in a small Venturi channel with rectangular cross section
Published in Heping Xie, Jian Zhao, Pathegama Gamage Ranjith, Deep Rock Mechanics: From Research to Engineering, 2018
Jiang Huang, Licheng Sun, Jiguo Tang, Guo Xie, Liang Zhao, Min Du
Aeration technology is an essential part in the waste water treatment process, which has been commonly utilized in water treatment plants (Terasaka et al., 2011; Agarwal et al., 2011), river pollution control (Wang et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2012) and remediation of polluted groundwater (Marley et al., 1992; Yang et al., 2005; Aivalioti et al., 2008), etc. Microbubble aeration technology in waste water treatment was introduced for the purpose of separating solid particles in water by flotation (Zabel, 1992; Zlokarnik, 1998), and providing sufficient dissolved oxygen (Kaushik and Chel, 2014; Majid et al., 2016), etc. Sizes and distribution of microbubbles play a key role in the efficiency of waste water treatment. Compared with large bubbles, microbubbles have several more suitable physicochemical properties for waste water treatment, such as a larger gas-liquid interfacial area concentration, a faster dissolution rate, a stronger surface adsorption and a longer residence time in water (Takahashi et al., 2003; Zhang et al., 2016). These make microbubbles own potentials for enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer, such that microbubbles have taken the place of traditional large bubbles in waste water treatment (Agarwal et al., 2011).
Degradation of Methyl Orange by ozone microbubble process with packing in the bubble column reactor
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Jie Dong, Jiakang Yao, Jinliang Tao, Xiaoping Shi, Feng Wei
Microbubbles(MBs) are bubbles less than 50μm in diameter. Compared with conventional millimeter bubbles(MLBs), MBs have the advantages of smaller bubble size, larger interfacial area, lower rise velocity, higher zeta potential, and higher interior pressure[18]. Therefore, microbubble technology is applied extensively in environmental engineering, biomedical engineering, marine culture, and so on. Many researchers also found that microbubble technology can effectively improve ozone transfer and promote the degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater. In a pilot test, Ryskie et al. [19] found that it was effective to remove ammonia from synthetic wastewater and five actual mine wastewaters by using the ozone MBs. Jabesa et al. [20] used ozone MBs and ozone MLBs to degrade dimethyl sulfoxide. The results showed that the ozone MBs could completely remove dimethyl sulfoxide in a shorter time with the same other operating parameters, and the ozone utilization of ozone MBs (65 - 79%) was higher than that of conventional ozone MLBs (21 - 48%). Wang et al. [21] studied using ozone MBs to degrade concentrated leachate, and the results showed good treatment results with 76.0% and 69.9% degradation of COD and TOC, respectively. Although there are many studies on ozone MBs, the existing technology is not very mature and is mostly at the laboratory and pilot stage, which needs to be explored further. In addition, there are no literature reports on the addition of packings to the bubble column reactor of ozone MBs to improve the gas–liquid distribution and thus the treatment efficiency.
Bubble size distribution and stability of CO2 microbubbles for enhanced oil recovery: effect of polymer, surfactant and salt concentrations
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Nam Nguyen Hai Le, Yuichi Sugai, Ronald Nguele, Tola Sreu
The blocking performance of microbubbles is greatly affected by their stability and size distribution. Longe[27] and Jauregi et al.[28] evaluated the effects of the amount of surfactant on the stability of CGAs, and both concluded that increasing the surfactant concentration improved the CGA stability. Pasdar et al.[29] showed that increased viscosity also enhanced the stability of CGAs. Arabloo et al.[11] performed static drainage tests and observed that the amount of a xanthan gum (XG) polymer in the CGA dispersion played an essential role in conferring stability. Overall, the stability of microbubbles appears to be greatly affected by the concentrations of both polymers and surfactants in the foam.
Numerical modelling of magnetic nanoparticle behavior in an alternating magnetic field based on multiphysics coupling
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
A. Ashofteh, R. Marqués, A. Callejas, R. Muñoz, J. Melchor
Ultrasound-triggered drug-loaded microbubbles have the great potential in locally drug release and enhanced delivery to the target tissue. Roovers et al. showed that upon applying ultrasound, nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles can deposit nanoparticles onto cells, entitled sonoprinting [26]. They revealed that sonoprinting can also occur in more complex tissues, like monospheroids and cospheroids, resulting in a significant reduction in cell viability. Hence, some studies have proposed the use of permanent implanted magnets instead of external magnetic field application in the target organ. Pacheo et al. implemented a more promising and effective technique to attract the carbon-coated iron nanoparticles exposed to an implanted magnetic field [27, 28]. This technique leads to the release of drug at the tumor region more efficiently than application of external magnetic field. Escribano et al. investigated the in-vivo bio-distribution of carbon-coated iron nanoparticles in mice bearing an inflammatory focus exposed to magnetic field induced by a magnetic implant [29]. They indicated that mice with inflammatory regions are good alternatives in nanoparticle screening. Furthermore, they showed that selective bio-distribution in the target organ was increased when a low dose of nanoparticles was used.