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Self-Repeating Robotic Arm
Published in Kaushik Kumar, Sridhar B. Babu, Industrial Automation and Robotics, 2023
B. Nagamani, N. Subadra, Sathvik Parasa, Hari Sarada, Ashrith Gadeela
A robotic arm, often known as an industrial robot, is frequently described as a ‘mechanical’ arm. It's a device containing a number of joints that move along an axis or spin in particular directions, comparable to a human arm. In reality, some robotic arms are anthropomorphic, meaning they strive to mimic the movements of human arms as closely as possible. They are usually programmed and designed to do specified tasks, most typically in manufacturing, fabrication, and industrial units. They can be little machines that conduct delicate, specific operations and can fit in one hand, or they might be massive enough to create entire structures.
Partial range of motion training elicits favorable improvements in muscular adaptations when carried out at long muscle lengths
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Gustavo F. Pedrosa, Fernando V. Lima, Brad J. Schoenfeld, Lucas T. Lacerda, Marina G. Simões, Mariano R. Pereira, Rodrigo C.R. Diniz, Mauro H. Chagas
During pre-training session 2, participants were familiarized with the bilateral 1RM tests corresponding to the 3 ROM tests (INITIALROM, FINALROM, and FULLROM group). First, the participants were positioned in the knee extension machine with 110° of hip flexion (trunk and thigh) and the medial malleolus of the tibia positioned 2 cm below the machine pad. To minimize accessory movements, participants were restrained in the machine by a four-point seat belt. In addition, a metallic structure was placed in front of the machine to serve as a reference (mechanical stop) to the desired knee extension angle (65° or 30° of knee flexion) (see supplementary material). Also, a potentiometer, coupled to the rotational axis of the mechanical arm of the knee extension machine, provided real-time biofeedback on a computer screen as to the ROM excursed by each volunteer. The use of a potentiometer to analyze the ROMs excursed during tests and training were described in previous studies of our group (Diniz et al., 2020; Lacerda et al., 2021).
Mobile 3D Printing Techniques for Construction Engineering: Outdoor Navigation and Printing Quality Control
Published in Structural Engineering International, 2022
Li-gang Qi, Jie Bai, Qing-long Huang, Yan Yang, Li-fang Han, Cheng-tao Yue, Zhong-Xiang Yan
The layout of M3DPC-Rob is shown in Fig. 1. An omnidirectional mobile platform with four Mecanum wheels is applied to M3DPC-Rob, which can realize movement in all directions and rotate with zero turning radius. In addition, the Mecanum mobile platform can reach target locations more flexible and quickly than a traditional mobile platform, which is more suitable for construction sites. The KR90 R3100 extra of KUKA’s industrial mechanical arm is used as the actuator for the robot. As shown in Fig. 2, a self-developed print head is assembled at the end of the actuator, which consists of a cylindrical storage barrel, a variable frequency motor, a rotation spindle, a material feeding system and a surveillance camera. The camera provides real-time monitoring for remote adjustment of the print speed and print status.
A physiological and biomechanical investigation of three passive upper-extremity exoskeletons during simulated overhead work
Published in Ergonomics, 2022
Eric B. Weston, Mina Alizadeh, Hamed Hani, Gregory G. Knapik, Reid A. Souchereau, William S. Marras
Exoskeletons are designed to potentiate joint movement or transfer load elsewhere in the body, thus leading to potential side-effects. For this reason, we considered not only the physiological benefits of the upper-extremity exoskeletons but also its effects on lumbar spine loading and subjective discomfort. Mean peak resultant spinal loads for all the exoskeleton conditions were 10–15% lower than the control condition in this study, though there was only one instance in which any statistically significant differences attributable to the exoskeleton condition was noted (the ShoulderX relative to the control condition at the overhead height). Kim, Nussbaum, Mokhlespour Esfahani, Alemi, Jia, and Rashedi (2018) reported up to a 30% reduction in spinal loading as an “unexpected” benefit of using an exoskeletal vest, which was not observed presently. However, at the very least, these results suggest that there was not a cost of using any of the three exoskeletons to the lumbar spine. These results are contrary to a prior upper-extremity exoskeleton study (of a very different design) that used the same biomechanical model and noted rather large increases in spinal loading with exoskeleton use (Weston et al. 2018). However, it should be noted that external moments acting on the lumbar spine in this referenced study were increased considerably from a mechanical arm supporting the hand tool at a far distance from the body, whereas the moment arm between the spine and the tool was much shorter presently.