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Characterizing Planets
Published in Thomas Hockey, Jennifer Lynn Bartlett, Daniel C. Boice, Solar System, 2021
Thomas Hockey, Jennifer Lynn Bartlett, Daniel C. Boice
Kepler's Third Law is arguably his most powerful because it relates the planets to each other. Kepler found that the period of an orbit (time) of revolution [T] of a planet is proportional to half of its major axis or its semi-major axis [a], but in a precise way: Kepler came up with the relation T2=N·a3 where N is a constant and depends upon the units of time and distance used (e.g., hours, years, etc.; kilometers, miles, etc.). Planets farther from the Sun move more slowly than those closer. Whatever N is—Kepler did not know—it is the same for each planet. It is kind of like the scale factor on a model car kit (Figure 2.8).
Transmission
Published in Tom Denton, Automotive Technician Training, 2015
Fit appropriate car protection kit.Warm up the transmission, by road test if possible. Raise the vehicle on a suitable hoist.Loosen and remove the drain plug if fitted and drain the oil into a suitable catch pan. If a drain plug is not fitted, undo the sump/pan bolts and drain carefully. Take care with hot oil; make sure you wear suitable protection such as rubber gloves and overalls. Drain the torque converter if a plug is fitted.Remove the sump/pan completely.Remove the transmission fluid filter/screen. This should be cleaned and replaced or renewed.Inspect the sump/pan for any unusual residues. This is useful to help diagnose faults.Clean the sump/pan thoroughly inside and out. Make sure all traces of the old gasket are removed. Fit new gaskets and any sealing rings as required, and refit the sump/pan.Tighten all the bolts evenly to the specified torque setting. Refit drain plug if removed.Check the manufacturer’s data for the correct oil and refill with the appropriate quantity.Note: only use the recommended oil. Other types may cause serious damage.Apply parking/handbrake, start the engine and move the lever through all positions. Recheck the fluid level. Note that some manufacturers recommend the level to be checked with the engine running.Conduct a road test to check for correct operation, noise and vibration. Return to the workshop and double check for leaks. Remove protection kit and report your findings.
Transmission
Published in Tom Denton, Automotive Technician Training, 2015
Remove: Support the vehicle on a suitable hoist. Fit car protection kit as required and disconnect the battery. Remember to fit a memory keeper if necessary. Drain the gearbox oil.Remove any ancillary components as necessary that allow easier access – the exhaust for example.Mark the gear change linkage and then remove parts as required. Remove the minimum number of parts or remove the linkage as a complete unit where possible. This makes refitting easier.On some vehicles, it is necessary to remove the suspension on one side to allow access to the gearbox, and for removal of the driveshafts. Remove the driveshafts (a separate worksheet is available).Remove the speedometer cable or speed sensor. Remove the reverse (backup) light switch wires. Tie these components out of the way if necessary. Remove the starter motor if necessary.Fit engine support bar as required; remove and inspect mountings, and cross members. Support the gearbox on a transmission jack if necessary and remove the gearbox or bell housing bolts.Move the gearbox straight out of the clutch assembly, away from the vehicle and place on a suitable bench.Refit: As usual – refitting is a reversal of the removal process! However, it is normal to remove and check the clutch assembly. When this is refitted, make sure it is aligned correctly because this makes refitting the gearbox much easier.Remember to refill with the correct lubricant and that all fixings are tightened correctly.A road test is recommended to ensure correct operation when the job is completed.
Production planning with a two-stage stochastic programming model in a kitting facility under demand and yield uncertainties
Published in International Journal of Management Science and Engineering Management, 2020
Zhengyang Hu, Goutham Ramaraj, Guiping Hu
As per Choobineh and Mohebbi (2004), a kit is a collection of components/parts required for the assembly/production of a product. The advantages of kitting, as stated by Bozer and Mcginnis (1992), include easy handling of the materials to workstations, increased productivity, easy changeover of product type, and removal of non-value adding activities from the assembly process. On the other hand, poor kitting design may cause injuries and increases storage if kit is done in advance. Due to the inherent system and environmental uncertainties within a manufacturing plant, the planning of the kitting operations plays a crucial role in determining the level of productivity and the efficiency of the assembly activities of the final product.