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Thymol Based Nanoemulsions
Published in Ramesh Raliya, Nanoscale Engineering in Agricultural Management, 2019
Sarita Kumari, R.V. Kumara Swamy, Ram Chandra Choudhary, Savita Budhwar, Ajay Pal, Ramesh Raliya, Pratim Biswas, Vinod Saharan
Nanoemulsionin phase inversion methods are formed by inducing phase inversion in emulsion from a W/O to O/W form or vice versa. Various inversion methods can be induced by changing the temperature (phase inversion temperature, PIT), composition (phase inversion composition, PIC), and emulsion inversion point (EIP). In this method, during the emulsification process, chemical energy is released which is utilized to form nanoemulsion (McClements and Rao 2011).
Formulation of roselle extract water-in-oil nanoemulsion for controlled pulmonary delivery
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Adil Omer Baba Shekh, Roswanira Abdul Wahab, Nur Azzanizawaty Yahya
Meanwhile, the nonionic surfactants Tween 80 (T80) and Span 80 (S80) were selected since the substance's high biological acceptability and lack of sensitivity to electrolyte concentration or pH,[44] while being recognized as safe and approved for use in certain pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food products.[45] Water-in-oil (w/o) NEs consist of a dispersed aqueous phase comprising small droplets, where the oil phase forms the continuous phase. In contrast, oil-in-water (o/w) NE is the dispersed phase distributed into the continuous water phase. In the phase inversion temperature method, an increase or decrease in temperature induces a phase inversion.[46] Thus, combining the high-energy and low-energy emulsification methods in a mixture of T80 and S80 could yield small and uniform roselle extract droplets. Adding the 0.9% (w/v) sodium chloride in the aqueous phase encourages smaller roselle extract droplets to form[47] and stabilizes the NE.