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Plants and Equipment
Published in Carl Bozzuto, Boiler Operator's Handbook, 2021
Just like reciprocating pumps, reciprocating compressors use a piston that changes the volume of a chamber to move the fluid. Intake valves are required to open as the piston moves down the chamber, increasing its volume, so that the air can enter the chamber. They close as soon as the flow stops. Unlike a reciprocating pump, the fluid does not start to leave the chamber as the piston moves up to reduce the volume. The fluid is compressed in the chamber instead. Not until the pressure is higher in the chamber than in the discharge piping connecting the compressor to its storage tank will the fluid begin to leave the chamber. When the piston reaches the end of its stroke, there is no difference in pressure. The discharge valves close. As the piston moves down the chamber to increase its volume, the fluid expands until the pressure in the chamber is lower than the pressure at the inlet. Then the fluid will flow into the chamber until the piston reaches the end of its stroke. The progression is depicted in Figure 10-96.
Plants and Equipment
Published in Kenneth E. Heselton, Boiler Operator’s Handbook, 2020
Just like reciprocating pumps reciprocating compressors use a piston that changes the volume of a chamber to move the fluid. Intake valves are required to open as the piston moves down the chamber, increasing its volume, so the air can enter the chamber. They close as soon as the flow stops. Unlike a reciprocating pump the fluid doesn’t start to leave the chamber as the piston moves up to reduce the volume, the fluid is compressed in the chamber instead. Not until the pressure is higher in the chamber than in the discharge piping connecting the compressor to its storage tank will the fluid begin to leave the chamber. When the piston reaches the end of its stroke there’s no difference in pressure so the discharge valves close. As the piston moves down the chamber to increase its volume the fluid expands until the pressure in the chamber is lower than the pressure at the inlet. Then the fluid will flow into the chamber until the piston reaches the end of its stoke. The progression is depicted in Figure 10-96.
All about Water
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Science of Water, 2020
Withdrawing water from a river, lake, or reservoir so that it may be passed on to the first unit of the treatment process requires an intake structure. Intakes have no standard design and range from a simple-pump suction pipe sticking out into the lake or stream to expensive structures costing several thousands of dollars. Typical intakes include submerged intakes, floating intakes, infiltration galleries, spring boxes, and roof catchments. Their primary functions are to supply the highest-quality water from the source and to protect piping and pumps from, or clogging as a result of, wave action, ice formation, flooding, and submerged debris. A poorly conceived or constructed intake can cause many problems. Failure of the intake could result in water system failure.
Effects of intake high-pressure compressed air on thermal-work conversion in a stationary diesel engine
Published in International Journal of Green Energy, 2023
Zhao Zhang, Haifeng Liu, Zongyu Yue, Yang Li, He Liang, Xiangen Kong, Zunqing Zheng, Mingfa Yao
Additionally, the effects of intake temperature have also been studied widely. Yoon and Lee (2012) investigated the effects of intake air temperature on the charge density in a spark ignition engine. It was shown that reducing the intake air temperature improved the intake volumetric efficiency at low engine speeds. Park, Kim, and Lee (2010) found that ambient temperature has great effects on the spray and atomization of diesel fuel. The increase of ambient temperature improved the atomization of diesel fuel, accelerated the evaporation, and affected the Sauter mean diameter distribution and spray tip penetration. Pan et al. (2015) studied the impact of intake air temperature on performance and exhaust emissions of diesel-methanol dual-fuel engine and found that the indicated thermal efficiency of dual-fuel engine was highly correlated with the intake temperature. For most of the testing points, the indicated thermal efficiency was proportional to the intake air temperature. Further increase in the intake air temperature would decrease the indicated thermal efficiency. Battista, Bartolomeo, and Cipollone (2018) studied the effects of intake temperature on diesel engine thermal efficiency by adjusting the air conditioning unit in the intake manifold. The results showed that the intake temperature was changed from 50–80°C to 20–40°C when the air conditioning unit was switched on, and the brake fuel consumption rate was reduced by 2.6% at lower intake temperatures at 25% load operating point. Taking the energy consumption by the air conditioning unit into account, the reduction in average fuel consumption rate was 1.5%. Leng et al. (2014) set the intake temperature to 27–87°C while ensuring a constant excess air ratio and found that as the intake temperature increases the indicated fuel consumption rate dropped first and then increased.