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Biomass Logistics
Published in Jay J. Cheng, Biomass to Renewable Energy Processes, 2017
A CTL system uses fewer machines and provides an opportunity to divide a single tree into several products. The CTL system relies on two machines: a harvester and a forwarder. The harvester cuts the tree, removes the limbs, and cuts the tree into different sized pieces. The decision on how to cut the tree into different sizes is based on the highest value product that can be produced from the tree segment. After the tree is cut to length, the tree segments are left on the ground. Next a forwarder uses a grapple to pick up the tree segments and places them in a bunk, which secures the material off the ground. The forwarder transports the woody material from the forest to the truck for on-road transport. The forwarder is also responsible for unloading its bunk and placing the trees onto the truck.
Modeling technical, economic and environmental parameters of a forwarder in a Eucalyptus forest
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2020
Diego Weslly Ferreira do Nascimento Santos, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães Valente, Haroldo Carlos Fernandes, Amaury Paulo de Souza, Paulo Roberto Cecon
The average operating cost of a forwarder is around US$ 147.80 h−1 (Santos et al. 2016). It represents up to 43% of the total cut-to-length logging system (Zhang et al. 2016). Among the expenses that make up the operating cost of the machine, the cost of fuel stands out due to the relatively high fuel consumption. Another negative effect of a forwarder is the impact of emission of pollutant gases, such as carbon dioxide. Reducing fuel consumption is a key issue in the economics of forest products and in moving toward more sustainable forest management practices (Nordfjell et al. 2013). Approximately 95% of the total energy input and discharges to the environment (CO2, NOx, HC, and particulate matter), during the life cycle of forest machines, could be associated with fuel consumption (Athanassiadis 2000). Fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions depend on torque and engine speed (Lovarelli and Bacenettin 2017).
The technical development of forwarders in Sweden between 1962 and 2012 and of sales between 1975 and 2017
Published in International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2019
Tomas Nordfjell, Emil Öhman, Ola Lindroos, Bengt Ager
In the present study, the term forwarder is only used with respect to an off-road log transportation vehicle that has articulated frame steering and is rigid in the vertical plane between front and rear chassis parts; is all-wheel driven; and has a grapple loader. The term “forest tractor” is used for a vehicle that fulfills most of the above criteria, except the front and rear chassis parts being rigid in the vertical plane (cf. Figure 2). In the past “forest tractor,” and other similar terms, have also sometimes been used to distinguish this type of machine from forwarders (Nilsson and Svensson 1971).