China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems
Published in Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, Wayne C. Turner, William J. Kennedy
In Figure 8-4 the condenser cooling water is usually supplied by a closed loop that goes to a cooling tower. The cooling tower is an evaporative cooler that transfers the heat from the water to the outside air through the process of evaporation as the water is sprayed or falls through the air. If lake water or ground water were used in an open loop, the water would simply be supplied from one location and returned to a different location in the lake or in the ground.
Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
Published in Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner, Guide to Energy Management, 2020
Barney L. Capehart, William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner
In Figure 8-4 the condenser cooling water is usually supplied by a closed loop that goes to a cooling tower. The cooling tower is an evaporative cooler that transfers the heat from the water to the outside air through the process of evaporation as the water is sprayed or falls through the air. If lake water or ground water were used in an open loop, the water would simply be supplied from one location and returned to a different location in the lake or in the ground.
Mixtures of Ideal Gases
Published in Irving Granet, Jorge Luis Alvarado, Maurice Bluestein, Thermodynamics and Heat Power, 2020
Irving Granet, Jorge Luis Alvarado, Maurice Bluestein
Cooling towers. Cooling towers are used to cool the heat-transfer fluid (usually water) used to cool condensers in power plants and refrigeration systems. To minimize the environmental impact (i.e., thermal pollution) on rivers or other water sources when used as heat sinks, cooling towers are used to cool the water discharged from the condensers, and this water is then recirculated or reused on a continuous basis. In effect, instead of using river or local water to carry off the heat rejected from a typical power plant, the atmosphere (surrounding air) is used as a cooling medium. The cooling tower is simply a device in which water is evaporatively cooled by air. In the natural-draft cooling tower, air is circulated through the tower in a horizontal direction while water is sprayed or trickled over wood filling or other materials. In the forced-draft cooling tower, a fan is used to positively circulate air countercurrently to the falling water. The fan can be located at the bottom of the tower, and this arrangement is known as a forced-draft tower. When the fan is located at the top to prevent recirculation of the hot moist air, it is called an induced-draft tower. Figure 7.22 shows a large bank of cooling towers used in a power plant installation.
Non-intrusive cooling tower model validation: Results from a case study
Published in Science and Technology for the Built Environment, 2020
Suhrid Avinash Deshmukh, Leon Glicksman, Leslie Norford
The building sector of the U.S. currently consumes over 40% of the U.S. primary energy supply (Deshmukh et al. 2019). Estimates suggest that between 5% and 30% of any building’s annual energy consumption is unknowingly wasted due to pathologically malfunctioning lighting and comfort conditioning systems (Deshmukh et al. 2019; Deshmukh, Glicksman, and Norford 2018). In order to target various anomalies in different component of a HVAC system, a component level model of the HVAC system is needed. As a major step to developing this general framework for fault detection of a cooling system in a commercial building, the energy modeling of a crossflow cooling tower was targeted. This warranted a detailed physical model for a cooling tower based on first principle physics. A cooling tower is a device that helps in the evaporative cooling of water by bringing the water in direct contact with air. Water is cooled by the air due to the latent heat removed by the evaporation of some of the water and partly by the sensible heat transfer.
Case study on energy audit in HPCL, Mazgaon Dock Ltd, Mumbai
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2020
Santosh D. Dalvi, Chandrababu Divakaran, Pranav Kumar Pandey, Ajay Tiwari
A cooling tower is a specialised heat exchanger in which evaporative cooling of water is done by contact with air. As this occurs, some amount of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower and pipes (Kulkarni and Goswami 2015). Various types of cooling towers include natural draft, induced draft and forced draft cooling towers. There are two basic types of cooling system. They are direct cooling system and closed-loop re-circulatory cooling system (Mayur 2014). Water availability for power generation is becoming continuously scare due to many other important uses of water such as drinking, irrigation and other industrial requirements and to the power plant. This report covers the thermal performance of the cooling tower of HPCL (Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited), Mazgaon. The plant has installed one cross-flow-forced draft cooling tower with a design flow of 70,000 l/h and 9.5°C range. Boiler efficiency is a combined result of efficiencies of different components of a boiler (Shah and Rathod 2012). A boiler has many sub-systems whose efficiency affects the overall performance and which in turn affects the boiler efficiency (Pushpa, Vaze, and Nimbalkar 2014). A thermic fluid heater is equipment in which a special type of oil-mineral/synthetic is used as a heat carrier. At atmospheric pressure, this fluid can be heated up to 300°C. If steam is used instead of this fluid, it would take operating pressure of around 80–85 bar to reach this temperature (Shankarnarayan et al. 2010b).
Assessment on effectiveness of a shower type cooling tower
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
N. Anbazhaghan, A. Karthikeyan, Jayaraman Jayaprabakar, Prabhu Appavu
A cooling tower is the equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. As a result, the remainder of the water is cooled down significantly. Cooling towers are able to lower the water temperatures more than the other devices that use only air to reject heat, like the radiator in a car, and are, therefore, more cost-effective and energy-efficient. The basic components of a cooling tower include the frame and casing, fill, cold-water basin, drift eliminators, air inlet, louvres, nozzles and fans.