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Physical Laws of Fluid Mechanics and Their Application to Measurement Techniques
Published in Richard J. Goldstein, Fluid Mechanics Measurements, 2017
Figure 2.27 presents a temperature field in forced flow normal to a cylinder with circular cross section at Re = 218 [15]. The flow approaches from the left, and the development of the boundary layer and the formation of the separation bubble can readily be recognized. The interference fringes again present lines of constant temperature created by heating of the cylinder. This has caused some influence of buoyancy, and as a consequence, the fringes in the separation bubble are not symmetrical around a horizontal plane through the axis of the cylinder. Such a flow is called combined forced and natural convection. In Fig. 2.27 it was found that the influence of buoyancy forces on the heat transfer at the cylinder surface was still quite small.
Natural-Convection Systems
Published in William S. Janna, Engineering Heat Transfer, 2018
A combined forced- and natural-convection system is one in which the forced-convection heat-transfer effects are small enough that natural convection plays an important role. Thus, the term forced convection implies that natural-convection effects are negligible.
Soret effect for unsteady MHD mixed convective flow in porous medium with viscous dissipation
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
The problem of unsteady hydro-magnetics combined (forced and natural) convection flow in porous media with viscous dissipation and Soret effect is analysed. The impact of Eckert number (Er), radiation parameter (N), Grashof numbers (Gr, Gm), angular velocity (Ω), hall parameter(m), porosity parameter (K) and Soret parameter (So), Prandtl number and magnetic parameter (M), on the fluid velocity, concentration and temperature profiles are elaborated. The other parameters have assigned fixed values during computation.