China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction to Metal Forming
Published in Ganesh M. Kakandikar, Vilas M. Nandedkar, Sheet Metal Forming Optimization, 2017
Ganesh M. Kakandikar, Vilas M. Nandedkar
Lee and Zaverl proposed an analytical model, elaborating the growth of necking in sheet metals, under various load conditions, to plot FLDs. Their work validated the results of earlier researchers of the lower, in-plane forming limits. They could not, however, establish a relationship between the history of straining and its effect on the plastic–strain ratio. Hsu et al. conducted experiments to show that axisymmetric cup-drawing operations do not exhibit linear strain paths. There is a greater change in the strain paths when the flange is drawn inside the cup, but the initial and latter stages of deformation vary. All the research work related to FLDs was based on linear strain paths. The circle grid analysis and numerical simulations made it possible to readily understand the formability and strain history. Hecker determined the actual strain paths that occurred during a hemispherical-punch FLD test.
Heat treatment and temperature effects on formability of AA2014-T6 in incremental forming
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Pankaj Wankhede, Mahesh K, Suresh Kurra, Swadesh Kumar Singh
The specimens of different conditions were prepared to evaluate the material behavior at room and elevated temperatures. The results obtained were tabulated in Table 3. Figure 1 shows the true stress vs. true strain graph at different conditions. The sheet material formability in incremental forming has been examined. The ISF experiment is performed on the square blank of 250 mm size with 1 mm thickness. The 3-axis CNC machine (make: Bridge port) with the input process parameter: Feed 1200 mm/min, speed 200 mm/min was employed to perform incremental forming. The fixture to accommodate the sheet at the proper location on the CNC table was made with an appropriate induction heating arrangement as shown in Fig. 2. In the present study, material formability was assessed by the forming depth and wall angle. To reduce the number of experiments Varying Wall Angle Cone Frustum (VWACF) starting from 40O to 90O was designed using a parametric equation in CREO software. After importing the same model, MasterCAM software was used to generate the spiral tool path. The toolpath was constant for all specified conditions. The sheet was incrementally formed at room temperature and at 250OC temperature using an induction heating setup.[35] A hemispherical tool of 10 mm diameter was employed to conduct the forming experiment. The formed component depth, wall angle, and strain distribution were calculated to explore the forming limit at room and elevated temperatures. The formed component depth was calculated using the Vernier height gauge. The wall angle calculation was performed with the help of a circular genetrix equation in Matlab. The strain distribution of the formed component was estimated through circle grid analysis.
Effect of amplitude of vibration in ultrasonic vibration-assisted single point incremental forming
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Ashish Gohil, Bharat Modi, Kaushik Patel
The effect of ultrasonic vibrations on AA3003 material having a thickness of 1 mm has been studied in this experimental work. The results of spectrometric analysis have been presented in the Table 1. The mechanical properties of the material from the tensile testing have been summarized in Table 2. The sheet metal blanks have been cut in the size of 85 mm × 45 mm. For the circle grid analysis, the circles of 1 mm diameter have been engraved on one side of the sheet metal blank by laser engraving technique.