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Theory of Stress
Published in Prasun Kumar Nayak, Mijanur Rahaman Seikh, Continuum Mechanics, 2022
Prasun Kumar Nayak, Mijanur Rahaman Seikh
Body Force: Body forces are forces originating from sources outside of the body that act on all volume elements (or mass) of the body and distributed throughout the body. Saying that body forces are due to outside sources implies that the interaction between different parts of the body (internal forces) is manifested through the contact forces alone. These forces arise from the presence of the body in force fields, e.g. gravitational field(gravitational forces) or electromagnetic field (electromagnetic forces), or from inertial forces when bodies are in motion. As the mass of a continuous body is assumed to be continuously distributed, any force originating from the mass is also continuously distributed. Thus, body forces are specified by vector fields which are assumed to be continuous over the entire volume of the body, i.e. acting on every point in it.
Physical Foundation of Interior Ballistics
Published in Donald E. Carlucci, Sidney S. Jacobson, Ballistics, 2018
Donald E. Carlucci, Sidney S. Jacobson
Body forces are those that act through the bulk of the material (i.e., directly affecting every molecule). Examples of this are gravitational loads and electromagnetic loads. It is customary to write these loads on a unit mass basis to be consistent with the rest of the equation. In many cases, these are small and are neglected.
Review of Governing Equations
Published in J.N. Reddy, A. Miravete, Practical Analysis of COMPOSITE LAMINATES, 2018
Forces acting on a material body can be classified as internal and external. Internal forces are those that resist the tendency of one part of the body to be separated from another part. External forces are those exerted on the body by external means. External forces can be classified into two kinds: body forces and surface forces. Body forces act on the elements of volume or mass inside the body. Examples of body forces are gravitational and magnetic forces. Surface forces are contact forces acting on the bounding surface of the body. Examples of surface forces are provided by applied forces and contact forces exerted by one body on another.
Computational modeling and simulation of stenosis of the cerebral aqueduct due to brain tumor
Published in Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2022
Uzair Ul Haq, Ali Ahmed, Zartasha Mustansar, Arslan Shaukat, Sasa Cukovic, Faizan Nadeem, Saadia Talay, M. Junaid Iqbal Khan, Lee Margetts
Figure 6(a) shows the growth of tumor volume over time. From the growth of tumor volume, body forces can be calculated. Body forces can be thought of as forces acting on the entire volume of a body, such as forces due to gravity. These forces are basically the weight of the body and can be given as: where F is the body force, ρ is the density of the tumor mass, which is taken to be 1040 kg/m3 (Yang et al., 2014), g is acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s2), and dv is the volume differential element. Figure 6(b) shows the plot of force versus time, determined using Equation (12). This force is used in Equation (2) as the body force.