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Forests and Tree-based Land Use Systems: Mitigation and Adaptation Option to Combat Climate Change
Published in Moonisa Aslam Dervash, Akhlaq Amin Wani, Climate Change Alleviation for Sustainable Progression, 2022
Kamini Gautam, Sapna Thakur, Vipasha Bhat, Sheeraz Saleem Bhat
Major GHGs present in the Earth's atmosphere are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and water vapours and the main culprit for rise in atmospheric temperature is carbon dioxide. Since industrialisation, there has been a huge increase in anthropogenic emission of GHGs into the Earth's atmosphere which has intensified the greenhouse effect (IPCC, 2013) and in turn, spikes in global temperature and ultimately the climate change have happened.
Study on the Effect of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases on Environmental System
Published in Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2020
In recent times, one of the major sources of GHG emission is from water resource recovery facilities (wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). WWTPs are recognized as one of the larger minor sources of GHG emissions. The WWTPs emit gases such as N2O, CO2, and CH4. Increasing emission of GHG from this source pose harm to our climate. Biological mechanisms such as emissions of CO2 due to microbial respiration, emission of N2O by nitrification and de-nitrification, and emission of CH4 from anaerobic digestion processes are direct emissions from WWTPs. Sources that not regulated directly within the WWTP are indirect internal emission sources; consumption of thermal energy and indirect external emission sources; third-party biosolids hauling, chemical productions and their transportation to the plant, etc. The increasing rate of GHG emissions is due to the changes in the economic output, extended energy consumption, increasing emission from landfills, livestock, rice farming, septic processes, and fertilizers as well as other factors. Increase industrialization, use of fertilizers, burning of fossil fuels and other human and natural activities result in a rise above normal average atmospheric temperature; thus posing threat to our environment. Research identifies methane and carbon dioxide as the main GHGs. Therefore, the reduction of methane concentration in the atmosphere, both from natural and anthropogenic sources, is indispensable to tackle the negative outcomes of global warming.
Air Pollution Meteorology and Air Pollutant Concentration Models
Published in Jeff Kuo, Air Pollution Control Engineering for Environmental Engineers, 2018
As mentioned, the atmospheric temperature decreases as the altitude increases. An inversion occurs when the temperature of the atmosphere increases with altitude (see Figure 5.2). The inversion layer acts as a barrier on the vertical movement of air and it would reduce the dispersion of the air pollutants which would result in elevated pollutant concentrations. Inversions are caused by different atmospheric interactions and can persist for different amounts of time.
Physical characterization of briquettes produced from paper pulp and Mesua ferrea mixtures
Published in Biofuels, 2022
S. Y. Kpalo, M. F. Zainuddin, H. B. A Halim, A. F. Ahmad, Z. Abbas
Fossil fuels are currently the most important source of energy across the globe and they release tremendous amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere during combustion [15, 16]. The growing demand and utilization of fossil fuels, consequent increases in GHGs emissions, and their adverse impacts, i.e. global warming and climate change, have already endangered public health. The 2017 Lancet report noted that an estimated 7 million deaths occur annually from air pollution, and 4.2 million of these deaths are a result of ambient air pollution, much of which is from burning of fuels [17]. About 3 billion people globally, rely on fuelwood, coal, charcoal or animal waste, without access to healthy, clean, and sustainable cooking fuel or technologies [18, 19]. In recent times there has been a remarkable growth of renewable electricity and a gradual decrease in demand for coal. However, carbon emissions have not reduced, due to the growth in use of other fossil fuels, such as oil and natural gas. Carbon emissions increase the atmospheric temperature. Sustaining the global average temperature rise to well below 2 °C demands among other things, a total decarbonization of energy generation away from fossil fuels [19]. All these along with increasing energy demand for household cooking and heating has now necessitated the search for alternative renewable resources to add to the energy mix. Renewable energy offers several important potential mechanisms for addressing climate change and improving health
Bioethics and Environmental Ethics: The Story of the Human Body as a Natural Ecosystem
Published in The New Bioethics, 2020
Zoe-Athena Papalois, Kyriaki-Barbara Papalois
Type 2 diabetes is an evolved inability to regulate blood sugar levels. The normal homeostatic mechanism, by which insulin release counters the rise in blood glucose, becomes fatigued. In the place of homeostasis, the body adapts to a ‘new normal’. This is analogous to the greenhouse effect – the main contributor towards the climate change phenomenon. The exponential rise in greenhouse gas emissions over time has led to a progressive increase in atmospheric temperature because their cumulative impact far exceeds the atmosphere’s compensatory mechanisms.
Importance of measuring the temperature of paved surfaces to study the changes in the microclimate of an urban area
Published in Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 2023
Ankit Kumar, Jyoti Ranjan Mishra, Suresh Pandian Elumalai
According to Tata Centre for Development (TCD), India's energy consumption will be more than quadrupled by 2040, with fossil fuels playing a significant role (TCD, 2019). Energy consumption, such as coal, crude oil, natural gas, and electricity, has grown due to urbanization. According to Akbari, Pomerantz, and Taha (2001), the demand for power increases by 2–4% for every 01°C growth in air temperature and according to Harish, Singh, and Tongia (2020) there is quite significant state-level variation in the aggregate electricity demand in India, which rises to an average of 11% or more when air temperatures are above 30 °C from the demand at 21–24 °C. At temperatures above 30 °C, Delhi's total demand rises by at least 30%. In Sub-Saharan African nations, the average increase in electricity consumption due to a 1°C rise in temperature is predicted to be 6.7% (Yao 2021). On a hot summer day, the temperature difference between a typical city and its rural surroundings might be as much as 0.5–3.0°C, leading to an additional 5–10% municipal peak electricity consumption (Akbari, Pomerantz, and Taha 2001). More electricity generation is required to match the demand, increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. This release of GHGs into the atmosphere elevates the atmospheric temperature and results in global warming. These GHGs are predicted to rise continuously; therefore, the temperature forecasts for the next two decades are expected to increase by around 0.2°C every decade (Solomon et al. 2007). The temperature fluctuations that India could expect under various scenarios are depicted in Figure 2(b). The present summer average temperature in the Indian capital, Delhi, is 31.5°C, but by 2100, it is anticipated to reach about 35°C. Sweltering days are likely to increase considerably, with days above 35°C rising from around five days per year in 2010 to roughly 42 days per year in 2100. This increasing demand for construction materials and energy consumption is proof of urbanization which cannot be reduced or stopped. Still, it can be made to go these demands in a better and positive direction to reduce the impact of urbanization on microclimate.