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Surface Oxidation of Metal for Metal Oxide Nanowires Formation
Published in Zainovia Lockman, 1-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures, 2018
Zainovia Lockman, Subagja Toto Rahmat, Nurulhuda Bashirom, Monna Rozana
Binary TMOs fabricated in 1-D nanostructures have attracted significant attention due to their shown interesting size-dependent and structure-related properties. In particular, the novel properties of 1-D nanostructures of TMOs have rendered them as prime candidates for energy devices: solar cell, hydrogen cell, batteries, fuel cells, energy storage devices (Cheng and Fan, 2012) and thermoelectric devices (Hochbaum and Yang, 2009, Gadea et al., 2018). 1-D TMOs have also been applied in medical diagnosis, detection of environmental pollutants and sensors (Shen et al., 2009, Comini and Sberveglieri, 2010, Comini, 2016, Hung et al., 2017, Dey, 2018). Another important application of TMO 1-D nanomaterials is in the area of environmental protection either as catalyst (Akbari et al., 2018) or photocatalyst to remove toxic contaminants. 1-D TMOs can also be used as adsorbents to remove pollutants from air and water. Accordingly, it has becoming necessary and critical to create reliable and reproducible synthetic protocols for 1-D TMOs fabrication which can generate pure-phased (or well-controlled, doped) TMOs in a desired 1-D morphology and architecture. Among synthetic protocols available, thermal oxidation of metal has demonstrated some obvious advantages as the process seems to be simpler, cheaper and can be considered “greener” if compares with other physical or chemical-based processes as it does not require complex apparatus nor extensive use of energy (Yan et al., 2011).
Odor Management I — Quantifying and Treating
Published in Roger T. Haug, of Compost Engineering, 2018
A major disadvantage of thermal oxidation is the large energy requirement. A number of approaches have been used to reduce the fuel requirements including recuperative heat recovery, regenerative heat recovery, and catalytic oxidation. Catalytic furnaces use a catalyst to reduce the required oxidation temperature. These furnaces are used extensively in industry for control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but have not been widely applied for odor control. They are capable of operating in the range of 600°F (315°C). Ostojic et al.57 observed cases where odor emissions actually increased during catalytic incineration even though VOC removal was over 90%. The reason was the much lower odor threshold of oxygenated VOCs formed during incomplete combustion in the catalytic incinerator.
Synthesis of TiO2 coatings by thermal oxidation with a suitable cooling process for improved wettability
Published in Surface Engineering, 2021
Chennakesava Sai Pitchi, Amrita Priyadarshini, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala
Titanium (Ti) alloys are widely used in manufacturing load-bearing implants like orthopaedic and dental implants due to their high strength to weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, lower elastic modulus, and bio-inertness [1]. However, in the case of permanent implantation, bio-inertness can lead to implant loosening in long-term usage, thus, resulting in failure of the implant, causing further trauma to the patient. Hence, implant materials’ lack of surface bioactivity must be considered regarding their practical applications. To overcome their bio-inert nature, much of the emphasis is now given to modifying and functionalizing titanium-based implants’ surfaces. Studies are based on the fact that their inherent material characteristics, such as crystallinity, surface topography, wettability, and surface chemistry can affect stem cell behaviour and in-vivo osseointegration [2,3]. Various surface modification methods, such as sol–gel formation, chemical treatment, electrochemical treatment, plasma spray deposition, thermal oxidation, etc., are employed to enhance wear resistance, corrosion resistance and bio-mineralization for achieving improved osseointegration [4–14]. From the wide variety of techniques available, thermal oxidation could be considered as one of the most straightforward processes where the oxide layers are grown epitaxially on the substrate by annealing the alloy at higher temperatures in the presence of oxygen. Unlike other coating or deposition techniques, thermal oxidation does not require pre-synthesized powder or precursors for producing TiO2 layers on the titanium alloy substrate, thus, making the process simpler and cost-effective.