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Introduction to Corrosion
Published in S.K. Dhawan, Hema Bhandari, Gazala Ruhi, Brij Mohan Singh Bisht, Pradeep Sambyal, Corrosion Preventive Materials and Corrosion Testing, 2020
S.K. Dhawan, Hema Bhandari, Gazala Ruhi, Brij Mohan Singh Bisht, Pradeep Sambyal
Stress corrosion cracking arises due to the combined effect of tensile stress and a corrosive environment. Either external stress or residual stress inside the material can also cause stress corrosion cracking as shown in Figure 1.6. It causes unexpected failure of the metal structure. It commonly occurs in areas of high stress, pressure vessels, pipelines and reactors buried under the earth.
Applications to Fracture Mechanics
Published in Abdel-Rahman Ragab, Salah Eldin Bayoumi, Engineering Solid Mechanics, 2018
Abdel-Rahman Ragab, Salah Eldin Bayoumi
Stress corrosion cracking should be prevented rather than controlled. Hence, crack growth rate analysis, such as that of fatigue, is seldom performed and imposing the condition, () KI<KISCC
Reliability Issues in Electrical Contacts
Published in Milenko Braunovic, Valery V. Konchits, Nikolai K. Myshkin, Electrical Contacts, 2017
Milenko Braunovic, Valery V. Konchits, Nikolai K. Myshkin
Stress corrosion cracking is the cracking induced from the combined influence of tensile stress and a corrosive environment. The required tensile stresses may be in the form of directly applied stresses or in the form of residual stresses such as cold deformation and forming, welding, heat treatment, machining and grinding. The magnitude and importance of such stresses is often underestimated. The residual stresses set up as a result of welding operations tend to approach the yield strength. Also, the build-up of corrosion products in confined spaces can generate significant stresses and should not be overlooked. Due to the difficulties in detecting fine cracks and predicting the incipient damage, stress corrosion cracking is classified as a catastrophic form of corrosion. A disastrous failure may occur unexpectedly, with minimal overall material loss.
Failure of the threaded region of rockbolts in underground coal mines
Published in Mining Technology, 2018
Honghao Chen, Hamed Lamei Ramandi, Julian Walker, Alan Crosky, Serkan Saydam
Stress corrosion cracking occurs when a susceptible steel is subject to the application of a sustained load (applied and/or residual) in the presence of a corrosive environment (Ashby and Jones 1992; Villalba and Atrens 2008; Zheng 2008; McCafferty 2010; Vandermaat et al. 2016). This type of failure is known to occur in engineering service of many stressed materials in different corrosive environments (Toribio and Ovejero 2000; Turnbull and Zhou 2004; Loto 2017; Wu et al. 2018). The cracks initiate and propagate at a relatively slow rate, determined by the corrosivity of the environment and the magnitude of the stress (Gamboa and Atrens 2003). Final catastrophic failure of rockbolts occurs by fast fracture once the stress corrosion crack reaches a critical crack length, which is determined by the magnitude of the stress and the fracture toughness of the steel (Erdogan 2000; Shutter et al. 2001). Failure of the rockbolt occurs transverse to the bolt axis and is brittle in appearance (Shutter et al. 2001; Elias et al. 2013).
Modeling and Experimental Studies on 3D-Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing for Enhanced Flaw Detection in Carbon Steel Plates
Published in Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2019
W. Sharatchandra Singh, S. V. Sagar Kumar, C. K. Mukhopadhyay, B. Purnachandra Rao, P. Ravindar
Measurement of two components (HX and HZ) of the leakage magnetic field was also reported [9,10]. Singh et al. [9] used two separate GMR sensors for simultaneous measurements of HX and HZ in 12 mm thick carbon steel plates and reported that the use of the HZ component is preferable to HX for enhanced probability of detection of flaws. Göktepe et al. [10] used pick-up coil to measure the HX and HY components of different magnetization process in a ferromagnetic laminated sample and reported that the HY component can accurately characterize natural cracks. However, measurement of all the three components of leakage magnetic field is necessary for complete characterization of flaws in ferromagnetic components. Although a few studies were reported [11,12], such as the three dimensional-magnetic flux leakage (3D-MFL) testing of cracks in rail tracks using 3-axis anisotropic magneto-resistive (AMR) sensor [11] and feature identification of pipelines using tri-axial sensors [12], there are limited studies on the sensitivity of MFL signals of the HX, HY, and HZ components concerning enhanced flaw detection. Also, a 3D-sensor--based MFL technique seems attractive for detection of irregular shaped flaws such as stress corrosion cracking. In recent years, GMR sensors are widely used as magnetic field sensors in MFL and eddy current techniques due to their high sensitivity for low magnetic fields, high spatial resolution, and good signal-to-noise ratio [13,14].
Effect of stress on SCC susceptibility of low carbon steel in 0.1 M of sulphuric acid solution using tension test
Published in Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology, 2018
Kamal Hameed Gati, Harith I. Ja’afer, Abdul-Kareem M. A. Alsammarraie
The stress corrosion cracking phenomena can be explained by understanding the combined effects of the following three major factors: stress that may be loaded externally or residual stress that would have been from the fabrication process, environments media that may be from atmospheric air or solutions such as salt, alkalis or acid., and the solid materials such as steel or alloy [1]. SCC can be defined as a ‘process by which cracks propagate in a metal or alloy by the concurrent action of a tensile stress (residual and/or applied) and a specific corrosive environment’ [2,3].