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Lightweight Polymer Composites from Wood Flour, Metals, Alloys, Metallic Fibers, Ceramics
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, Lothar Kroll, Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures, 2020
E. Teke, M. Sütçü, V. Acar, M. Ö. Seydibeyoğlu
Compared to other material classes, composites are a quite new type of materials, dating back to the 1950s. The area of composite materials is a highly dynamic area with lots of inventions in the processing of composites, the use of new manufacturing techniques, and the use of new materials. The polymer matrix composites started with glass fiber at the end of the 1940s and still, glass fiber is the most predominant fiber used in the area of composite materials. However, the use of carbon fiber is increasing enormously and the use of aramid fibers has been spread in many applications. There are some other fibers arising as well like basalt fiber and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene.
Development in Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing
Published in R. Ganesh Narayanan, Jay S. Gunasekera, Sustainable Material Forming and Joining, 2019
Industrial ecology, eco-efficiency, and green chemistry are guiding the development of the next-generation materials, products, and processes. Considerable growth has been seen in the use of biocomposites (natural fiber composites) derived from local and renewable resources in the domestic sector, building materials, aerospace industry, circuit boards, and automotive applications over the past few decades. These sectors necessitate high durability and environmental friendliness instead of high strength or stiffness. The research attempts aimed at the development and characterization of polymer matrix composites using a variety of natural fibers as reinforcement materials indicate high potential use of biocomposites for various applications. Several natural fibers have been investigated with polymer as matrix material to produce composite materials that are competitive with synthetic fiber composites (Fiore et al., 2011). The agricultural wastes having high marketing appeal can be used to prepare fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites for commercial use. The growing global environmental and social concern, high percentage of exhaustion of petroleum resources, and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites that are compatible with environment. The main advantages of biocomposites include (1) environmental friendliness, (2) cost-effectiveness compared to synthetic fiber composites, (3) fewer greenhouse emissions, and (4) ability to be recycled/reused.
Secondary Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites
Published in Kishore Debnath, Inderdeep Singh, Primary and Secondary Manufacturing of Polymer Matrix Composites, 2018
Kishore Debnath, M. Roy Choudhury, T.S. Srivatsan
Polymer matrix composites are generally made to near-neat shape during their primary manufacturing, that is, injection moulding, compression moulding and filament winding. However, secondary manufacturing becomes essential for the purpose of making intricate composite structures. A final assembly of various individual parts becomes necessary for the development of an intricate shape composite structure. The assembly of composite parts is often done using mechanical fasteners, such as bolts and rivets. Therefore, making of holes in polymer matrix composites is a vital machining operation that facilitates the use of mechanical fasteners. Among the various techniques available for making holes in a polymer matrix composite, conventional drilling is preferentially chosen and used machining operation. In drilling, a rotating cutting edge advances along its axis of rotation to produce holes in the chosen polymer matrix composites. Section 9.3 discusses the influence of different controlling parameters specific to the drilling operation on process outcomes and quality of the drilled hole with reference to polymer composites.
Synthesis, processing and phase analysis of quasi crystal particle reinforced aluminium matrix composite
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
Arivu Y., Uvaraja V C., Thiyaneshwaran N., Ram Prabhu T
The composite is a mixture of two or more constituents where one of the constituents in majority is called matrix while the others are referred to as reinforcements. Composites offer good combination of stiffness, strength, modulus and toughness. The matrix and the reinforcements do not share any chemical or atomic-level bonding. The reinforcements can be in any physical form such as continuous fibers, short fibers, particles, plates, and so on. The reinforcements added to the matrix tends to improve the strength, stiffness, other mechanical and tribological properties of the overall composite, that the individual constituents of matrix lacks. Based on the type of material used for the matrix, the composites are further classified into metal matrix, ceramic matrix and polymer matrix composites. The ceramic matrix composites are mostly used to produce components such as heat exchangers, burners and gas turbine parts, which are subjected to very high temperature. Polymer matrix composites are light weight and find applications in almost all industries such as automotive, aerospace, marine, biomedical, and so on, where light weight and high specific strength are the requirement for the parts produced.
A micromechanical damage-healing model for encapsulation-based self-healing polymer composites under tensile loading
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2023
Ramin Jahadi, Hamid Beheshti, Mohammad Heidari-Rarani
Self-crack-healing property is the ability of materials to automatically repair damages and maintain their structural integrity [1, 2]. In recent years, polymer matrix composites have been extensively utilized in aerospace, automotive, and offshore structures. As a vital detriment of a wide variety of structural applications, polymer matrix cracking and micro-cracking can affect the performance of polymer matrix composites. Therefore, self-healing materials have attracted a lot of attention in polymer composites since they can repair damages without any external diagnosis. For this reason, a range of extrinsic self-healing approaches such as embedding microcapsules and hollow fibers containing healing agents have been introduced. Embedding microcapsules is the most widely employed technique to impart self-healing properties [3–5]. In this technique, dispersed capsules are ruptured during the crack growth, and the healing agents are released into the crack surface to react with the matrix and repair the damaged regions.
Low velocity impact response and influence of parameters to improve the damage resistance of composite structures/materials: a critical review
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Kiran Kaware, Mangesh Kotambkar
Fibre reinforced polymer matrix composites are widely used in many industries such as shipping, aerospace, automobile as it possesses good mechanical properties such as higher specific strength than metals, non-metals, and even alloys, Improved stiffness, low density, maintain their weight even at high temperatures. However, composites structures are susceptible to impact damage due to poor performance in through-thickness direction. This damage may be caused by dropping of the tool while in maintenance, bird strike, runway debris hitting, etc. most of the parts the aircraft and spacecraft get impacted during takeoff and landing. Many chances are there that can damage the structure of aircraft. Tyre piece hitting to wing, hailstone, and bird strike most significant one, ice coming from propeller blade. In the case of spacecraft, as we know space is full of different debris. The space shuttle, the satellite can have an impact that may produce catastrophic failure like the Columbia space shuttle accident in which the wing was damaged due to the impact of foam.