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Balneological use of geothermal springs in selected regions of the world
Published in Jochen Bundschuh, Barbara Tomaszewska, Geothermal Water Management, 2018
The operation of the health resort in Iwonicz is based on waters from six boreholes (originally drilled in search of oil), two of which (Lubatówka 12 and Lubatówka 14) have thermal waters. Mineral waters are used for drinking, in mineral baths and to obtain iodine-bromine salt, while peloid is used in compresses, baths and to produce peat cubes. The resort offers its patients prevention, therapy and rehabilitation in rheumatic diseases, osteoporosis, skin diseases, digestive disorders, upper respiratory tract diseases, neurological disorders and gynecological diseases (Kicińska, 2008; MZ, 2016). The unique raw materials are used to produce unique medicines and cosmetics (MZ, 2016).
Poland
Published in Enzo Pranzini, Allan Williams, Coastal Erosion and Protection in Europe, 2013
Historical evolution of coastal settlements In ancient times, people settled at the sea coast mainly because they considered the sea to be a source of food as well as a transport route. Frequently, small fishing settlements were established on the dune coast; fishing boats were stored at the dune base (a practice still used by present-day fishermen), because, in the case of storms, the boats could be easily pulled behind the dune. For the coast to be considered a transport route, at least an elementary form of port infrastructure is required, consisting basically of a properly secured quay that would not easily be destroyed during a storm, and a basin whose depth would be such that, with time, it could gradually receive larger ships. Such conditions were found at river mouths; the larger the river, the further from its mouth could quays be built, and these ports created opportunities for towns to develop in the hinterland. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, boatbuilding was embedded in naval transport, which stimulated development of seaside towns. The main development commenced at port towns belonging to the Hanseatic League, especially those located on the present Polish coast, such as Gdan Kolobrzeg, 'sk, Szczecin, Elblag and Braniewo. Gradually, smaller ports including Puck, Leba, Ustka, Darlowo and others developed (Figure 5.1). In the first half of the twentieth century, the recreational values of the Baltic coast began to be realized and appreciated. Sea bathing came into fashion among people belonging to the `upper classes' and this had a large influence on the conversion of fishing settlements into seaside resorts with extensive hinterlands. Many substantial developments came about and facilities offering therapeutic baths were set up in towns located in the vicinity of hot springs, natural brine pools, or peloid resources. Peloids consist of humus and minerals formed over a long time by geological, biological, chemical and physical processes, and are used therapeutically in spas. Typically, they mature for a period of up to two years in special ponds.
Marine depositional signatures of the Aptian Oceanic Anoxic Events in the Eastern Tethys, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2022
S. Khan, D. Kroon, B. Wadood, S. Ahmad, X. Zhou
The skeletal components of this microfacies comprise planktonic foraminifers, radiolarians, peloids, echinoderms, benthic foraminifers, molluscs, and carbonate intraclasts (Table 1). These components are uniformly distributed in lime-mud. Hedbergella dominates the planktonic foraminifers. Well-sorted siliciclastic quartz grains and rare calcareous algae were also observed (Figure 6a–d). The textural features and concomitant presence of radiolarians and planktonic foraminifers indicate deposition on an outer ramp (Flügel, 2004; Heldt et al.,2008). The abundance of radiolarians among the plankton indicates ocean eutrophication, while the presence of fine siliciclasts suggests that continental dust aerosols have possibly caused ocean fertility. The organic enrichment indicates dysoxic–anoxic bottom-water conditions (e.g. Leckie et al.,2002).
Israelite Plain, southwestern Australia, a siliciclastic, late Quaternary Coorong analogue, without dolomite
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2023
Sediment is 50–70% to locally 90% quartz forming calcareous quartz sand with molluscan floatstone to grainstone-packstone texture (Figure 9). Trace accessory particles in these fossiliferous sandstones to quartzose limestones are small peloids, together with fragmented benthic foraminifera, coralline algae and echinoids, all of which can be partially altered to micrite. The matrix ranges from micrite to fine peloid grainstone. There are typically irregular ∼0.5–1.0 mm-thick calcrete laminations throughout that can make up to 20% of the rock.
Stromatolite framework builders: ecosystems in a Cryogenian interglacial reef
Published in Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2020
Microstucture is characterised by thin to thick laminae of alternating dark micrite (thin) and light peloidal (thick) laminae. Laminae are convex and parallel. Thick laminae comprise fine peloids and clotted micrite. Grains are rimmed with isopachous fibrous cements. Some thick layers host layer-parallel, cement-lined vughs. Fine quartz silt is associated with thin micrite laminae. Preliminary identification of forms include: Omachtenia f. indet (previously Omachtenia utschurica Nuzhnov 1967) and Linella munyallina Preiss (1974).