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Research materials, experimental procedures, description of equipment and scientific approaches
Published in Dmitrii Zaguliaev, Victor Gromov, Sergey Konovalov, Yurii Ivanov, Electron-Ion-Plasma Modification of a Hypoeutectoid Al-Si Alloy, 2020
Dmitrii Zaguliaev, Victor Gromov, Sergey Konovalov, Yurii Ivanov
The next stage of the study of the microstructure was carried out using an Olympus GX-51 optical microscope. In order to study the material using metallography, the samples were prepared as follows: the sample was cut, polished, polished, and etched. To create optical contrast, the samples were chemically etched with a solution containing 72% H2O, 21% HF, and 7% HCl.
Metallography and Material Characterization
Published in Zainul Huda, Metallurgy for Physicists and Engineers, 2020
Metallography is the branch of physical metallurgy that involves the study of the microstructure of a metallic material. The study and analysis of microstructure helps us to determine if the material has been processed correctly. Metallographic examination is, therefore, a critical step for determining product reliability and for determining why a material failed. In order to study a material’s microstructure under a microscope, it is first important to prepare a metallographic specimen; the latter is described in the following subsection.
Friction Stir Welding Process
Published in Noor Zaman Khan, Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Zahid A. Khan, Friction Stir Welding, 2017
Noor Zaman Khan, Arshad Noor Siddiquee, Zahid A. Khan
Grinding: This stage involves coarse, medium, and fine grinding of the prepared samples. Initially, samples are grinded on belt grinder to remove the effect of WEDM from the weld surface and then fine grinding is done on metallurgical grinding and polishing machine. Each stage of metallographic sample preparation must be carefully performed; the entire process is designed to produce a scratch-free surface by employing a series of successively finer abrasives. The idea is to carefully move from one stage to the next where the abrasives become finer at each successive stage. Movement from one stage to the next should only proceed when all of the scratches from the preceding stage are completely removed. The pieces are wet grinded using 100, 200, 400, 600,800, 1000, 1200, 1500, and 2000 grit silicon carbide paper. Care must be taken to ensure that the grinding in stage is performed with a constant force and it should be done for a constant duration of time.
Study of the mean size and fraction of the second-phase particles in a 13% chromium steel at high temperature
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2020
Nima Safara, Ardeshir Golpayegani, Göran Engberg, John Ågren
The metallographic examinations were initially performed using light optical microscopy (LOM) and hardness measurements. Vickers hardness was measured using a low-load hardness tester with one-kilogram load (HV1) under ambient laboratory conditions. Each length of the diagonal square-shaped Vickers indents was measured with LOM immediately after indentation. The mean Vickers hardness was calculated from five indentations on each sample.
Evaluation of the microstructure and thermal properties of (ASTM A 494 M grade) nickel alloy hybrid metal matrix composites processed by sand mold casting
Published in International Journal of Ambient Energy, 2022
J. Kumaraswamy, Vijaya Kumar, G. Purushotham
Metallographic is an analytical investigation of the microstructure of materials. The metallographic examination is considered an exceptionally valuable instrument. The examination of the microstructure of the materials benefits from deciding the specific system for handling the material and being seen as a basic advance for the evaluation of the reliability of the article. By and large, the key advances associated with the metallographic example arrangement are documentation, segmenting and cutting, mounting, crushing, harsh and last cleaning, polishing and drawing. To explore the noticeable microstructural highlights in crossover metal grid composites, it is incredibly basic to achieve cleaning and carving. The analysis of the morphology-controlled procedure that depends on the production of the gemstone is one of the fundamental difficulties in useful and design materials. Examinations of microstructural mixes were financially savvy by assessing high interfacial maintenance, porosity, particle size, grain size and limits, interdendritic separation, and grouping of conveyed strongholds. The material structure is concentrated under high amplification during microstructural assessment. The material properties decide the level of execution of a particular application and the properties are self-governing in the material structure. For microstructure research using a standard metallographic method, examples with exchange rate (3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%) and constant (9%) were created. The examples have been ground and cleaned using sandpaper. The path to cleaning has been practiced using alumina powder to complete the surface. Keller’s reagent was applied to the examples and viewed to represent grain boundary arrangement and interdendritic isolation under an optical magnification instrument. Microstructure research has been completed for nickel amalgam with a fluctuating level of Al2O3 and a constant level of TiO2. Microstructural investigation of compounds is beneficial for the warm, mechanical representation of composite materials. The evaluation of the dispersed convergence of the fortifications, the strong interfacial retention, the development of grain boundaries and the interdendritic isolation in medium breed compounds will affect the guarantee of mechanical and warm properties, namely stiffness, modulus of versatility, warm conductivity and warm extension. Subsequently, a microstructural representation has been made to achieve a warm representation and investigation of half-breed compounds (Figure 2).