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Growth of Superconducting Single Crystals
Published in David A. Cardwell, David C. Larbalestier, Aleksander I. Braginski, Handbook of Superconductivity, 2023
Debra L. Kaiser, Lynn F. Schneemeyer
A modification of the floating zone method, where the feed cylinder has a much larger diameter than the pulled crystal rod, is known as the pedestal technique [24]. In this method, the surface of the feed cylinder is melted by means of an arc image furnace [24] or a laser [25]; the seed is lowered into the molten pool and then extracted slowly. A miniaturized version of the pedestal method that has been used to grow single crystal fibres of many different materials by laser heating is referred to as the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique [25–27]. The seed may be a single crystal or polycrystalline rod of the desired fibre material, or an inert refractory metal such as Pt or Ir.
Informing Performance Metrics of Advanced I&C Systems for Liquid Fueled Fast Molten Salt Reactors
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2023
Yeongshin Jeong, Koroush Shirvan, Michael Buric
Distributed fiber-optic sensing is a likely candidate to provide in-core sensing, which has been studied by a number of groups.32 With recent advances in single-crystal fiber optics that employ materials like sapphire and yttrium aluminum garnet as the fiber core material, it is becoming evident that single-crystal fibers may be capable of surviving the harsh MSR core environment.33 Using single-crystal fibers may provide the key to realizing distributed temperature or multi-parameter sensing in a core environment while employing a single core penetration feedthrough and a distributed optical interrogator based on optical scattering phenomena. Recently, an optical interrogator was constructed for use with single-crystal optical fibers based on the Raman scattering principle.34 This interrogator is being field tested with single-crystal optical fibers grown via the laser-heated pedestal growth method for applications in nuclear energy, including LFMSRs and traditional light water reactors. Such a system could provide the means to conduct the necessary measurements desirable for reactor monitoring and control or to potentially provide more immediate utility supporting the licensing basis for new reactor designs through model validation and scale-up verification at the pilot stage.