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Toxic Gas Adsorption and Reaction in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Published in T. Grant Glover, Bin Mu, Gas Adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks, 2018
HKUST-1, also known as Cu-BTC, Cu3(BTC)2, and MOF-199, is composed of a copper paddlewheel structure connected by trimesic acid linkers, as shown in Figure 10.7 and is one of the best known, as well as one of the first, MOFs developed.14 Omar Yaghi, one of the pioneers of MOF development, first reported on the ability of several MOFs to sorb several toxic chemicals.7 HKUST-1 was found to be effective at the removal of several chemicals, most notably ammonia, and the first true mechanistic study on toxic molecule adsorption by MOFs was conducted on the HKUST-1 ammonia system.6 Using microbreakthrough techniques, HKUST-1 was evaluated against ammonia at low and high relative humidity conditions. Breakthrough curves and resulting physical properties are shown in Figure 10.8. In this study, it was found that approximately 6.6 mol/kg of ammonia were removed under dry conditions, and 8.9 mol/kg of ammonia were removed under humid conditions. This is well over 10 wt%, which is above almost all commercially available materials targeting ammonia removal. A much more detailed study was conducted by Bonino and coworkers15 utilizing a wider range of characterization techniques to confirm structural configurations of ammonia adsorbed onto the paddlewheel structural building unit (SBU)s.
Metal organic frameworks: an effective application in drug delivery systems
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Christine Jeyaseelan, Priyansh Jain, Deeya Soin, Deepshikha Gupta
Introducing additives in the crystallization process can contribute in modifying the morphology and size. According to Kitagawa et al.,[57] morphology of crystals of [(Cu2(ndc)2(dabco))n] was altered with coordination modulation of carboxylic acid additive. In this case, it was acetic acid which obstructs the coordination present between metal clusters and linkers. This affects the lattice structure and growth of these crystals. Further, effect of coordination modulation on morphology of an MOF called HKUST-1 was studied by Diring S et al.[58] The effect was observed by using additives, lauric acid, acetic acid and dodecanoic acid. HKUST-1 is a copper-based metal-organic framework also known as MOF-199 or Cu3(BTC)2.
Heterostructured TiO2@HKUST-1 for the enhanced removal of methylene blue by integrated adsorption and photocatalytic degradation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Min Xiaobo, Li Xinyu, Zhao Jie, Hu Xiaoxian, Yang Weichun
In this study, we prepared a hybrid photocatalyst by incorporating HKUST-1 with TiO2 nanoparticles for effective photocatalytic degradation of the organic dye MB under visible light. HKUST-1 is a three-dimensional (3D) square-shaped cubic MOF, composed of 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxylate (BTC) ligands coordinating copper ions (Cu3(BTC)2) in octahedron lattice. It was selected as the representative MOFs due to its advantages of relative energy-saving, facile preparation, low toxicity and visible light response [12,16,24]. The as-prepared TiO2@HKUST-1 nanocomposites possessed enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB dye. The effect of different addition ratio of TiO2 nanoparticles to HKUST-1 and solution pH on the removal of MB was investigated. And the possible mechanism for the enhanced removal of MB by TiO2@HKUST-1 was also discussed.
A review on solid base heterogeneous catalysts: preparation, characterization and applications
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
Diksha K. Jambhulkar, Rajendra P. Ugwekar, Bharat A. Bhanvase, Divya P. Barai
Similarly, Xie et al. (2015a) prepared ionic liquid supported mesoporous heterogeneous solid base catalyst with the help of 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane coupling reagent. The reaction mechanism for the formation of SBA-15-PR-ILOH catalyst is illustrated in Figure 2. Initially, 1,2,4-triazole, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane and 1-chlorobutane were reacted to form 4-butyl-1-triethoxysilylpropyl triazolium chloride under refluxed N2 atmosphere. This was then dissolved with anhydrous toluene before subjecting to grafting with mesoporous SBA-15 silica which resulted in formation of SBA-15-pr-ILCl intermediate compound. In order to prepare SBA-15-pr-ILOH base catalyst, chloride ion of intermediate compound was exchanged with hydroxide ion by treatment of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) and methanol solution at room temperature. SBA-15-pr-ILOH catalyst was used for transesterification of soybean oil. The conversion rate of 95.4%, 95.2%, 90.5%, and 84.7% was achieved as the catalyst was reused for four cycles. Basic ionic liquid functionalized magnetic nanocomposite was prepared for biodiesel production (Xie and Wan 2018). Initially, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and then Fe3O4 core was coated on HKUST-1 type metal organic framework to form core shell magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4@ HKUST-1. HKUST-1 is a material in the class of metal-organic frameworks developed at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and also known as MOF-199 (Chui et al. 1999). It is a highly porous open-framework metal coordination polymer which can be effortlessly chemically functionalized. Fe3O4@ HKUST-1 was a magnetic responsive support onto which amino functionalized basic ionic liquid (ABIL) was immobilized under same conditions as stated above to develop a Fe3O4@ HKUST-1-ABILs catalyst. Figure 3 shows the SEM and TEM images of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@ HKUST-1 magnetic support and Fe3O4@ HKUST-1-ABILs catalyst. It was observed that the structure of support remained undamaged after the grafting of ionic liquids onto the support. Also, this catalyst could be separated simply by applying an external magnetic field and reused few times without considerable loss in activity. It gave 92.3% soybean oil conversion to biodiesel.