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Engineering materials and heat treatment
Published in Roger Timings, Engineering Fundamentals, 2007
Non-metals are widely used in engineering today. Some of the materials occur naturally. For example: Rubber is used for anti-vibration mountings, coolant and compressed air hoses, transmission belts, truck wheel tyres.Glass is used for spirit level vials (the tube that contains the bubble), lenses for optical instruments.Emery and corundum (aluminium oxides) are used for abrasive wheels, belts and sheets, and as grinding pastes. Nowadays it is usually produced artificially to control the quality.Wood for making casting patterns.Ceramics for cutting tool tips and electrical insulators.
Cement-casing shear bond strength: a review of the affecting variables and various enhancement techniques
Published in Petroleum Science and Technology, 2023
Sivakumar Pandian, Gaurav Hazarika, Udita Deota, Divya Shah, Rakesh Kumar Vij
Abrasive particles are reinforcement materials added to the resin-coating to increase the shear-bond strength between casing and cement by increasing the casing surface roughness. They have excellent corrosion resistance to extreme environments and a low friction coefficient also adds value to the process (Lin et al. 2019). Natural abrasives include sand grains, natural quartz, emery, corundum, garnet, etc. whereas synthetic abrasives include aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, etc. However, a commonly used abrasive for oil well cementing is natural sand because of its feasible economics and availability.
Characteristics and properties of Co–Cr alloy coatings prepared by electrodeposition
Published in Surface Engineering, 2020
Soheil Mahdavi, Saeed Reza Allahkaram, Akbar Heidarzadeh, Reza Tavangar
The substrates were 316L stainless steel plates with dimensions of 30 × 30 × 2 mm. Abrasion of the substrates was performed by using different grades of emery papers (up to 2000 grit). Degreasing was ultrasonically done in acetone for 5 min, and then in an alkaline solution at 70°C for 15 min. The substrates were cathodically activated in a bath containing hydrochloric acid and cobalt chloride at room temperature for 2 min(ASTM B254) and transferred to the electrodeposition bath.