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Textile Cleaning and Odour Removal
Published in G. Thilagavathi, R. Rathinamoorthy, Odour in Textiles, 2022
Kirsi Laitala, Ingun Grimstad Klepp, Vilde Haugrønning
Dry-cleaning is used on materials that shrink, felt, crease, or otherwise get damaged when washed with water. Apolar solvents like hydrocarbons are not absorbed by natural textile fibres because of the high polarity of the fibres but are effective in the removal of oils, fat, grease, and other similar substances (Blackler et al. 1995, Hasenclever 2007a). However, these solvents are not efficient in the removal of particles or water-soluble substances like salt, sugar, most food, and body excrements. Therefore, special detergents are added in the dry-cleaning process. Since many laundry contaminants with odours include water-soluble components, dry-cleaning is less efficient in odour removal than regular water-based laundering (Hasenclever 2007a). Garments that smell of body odour, smoke, mould, or perfume need special attention in addition to the normal dry-cleaning process for complete odour removal. Additionally, solvents used in dry-cleaning can leave a distinct odour in the garments, even after 24 hours of the airing-out process (Rathinamoorthy 2020).
Downstairs
Published in Michael Allaby, Conservation at Home, 2019
Grease stains can be removed from garments with petrol, or with other solvents used in dry cleaning machines and sold for domestic use. Some years ago the most popular substance was carbon tetrachloride, which is totally non-inflammable, but is very poisonous if swallowed or inhaled. It has been replaced by alternative compounds, but these are also poisonous, though less so, and some are inflammable.
Cleaning of textile materials
Published in Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian, Care and Maintenance of Textile Products Including Apparel and Protective Clothing, 2018
Rajkishore Nayak, Saminathan Ratnapandian
Dry cleaning is the process of cleaning clothing items and other textiles using a chemical solvent other than water [117,118]. Dry cleaning is used to remove soil and stains from delicate fabrics, which cannot withstand the conditions used in the washing machine and dryer. As the name indicates, dry cleaning is not completely dry, rather it is performed with the use of various solvents and/or other chemicals instead of water.
Letter to the Editor: Negative feasibility for 1-Bromopropane and call for additional data
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2023
Larry K. Lowry, Nancy B. Hopf, Michael Bader, Lee M. Blum, Jean Grassman, Kate Jones, Heiko U. Kaefferlein, Leena A. Nylander-French, Gary J. Spies, Glenn Talaska, Claude Viau
1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is used as an alternative to ozone-depleting halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as chlorofluorocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, e.g., tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) in the dry-cleaning industry (Ichihara et al. 2004; NTP 2013). It is used as a solvent for cleaning optics, electronics, metals, and ceramics; and as a solvent vehicle in spray adhesives used in the foam cushion manufacturing industries (Ichihara et al. 2004; NTP 2013). 1-BP has also been used as a solvent for fats, waxes, or resins and in the synthesis of chemicals and pharmaceuticals (NTP 2013). The total production volume (domestic manufacture plus import) of 1-BP in the U.S. increased from 2012 to 2015; import volumes for 1-BP reported under the 2016 Chemical Data Reporting rule (part of the Toxic Substances Control Act) were between 10 million and 25 million pounds per year (U.S. EPA 2016).
Adsorption and sensing of CS2, H2S and COS gases by pure and metal (Cr, Fe, Ni and Zn) doped GaN nanosheets: a DFT-D study
Published in Molecular Physics, 2023
Melody Yekta, Mohammad Ali Zanjanchi, Hossein Roohi, Nastaran Askari Ardehjani
Carbon disulphide (CS2) with an irritating odour and high toxicity is a known principal atmospheric pollutant that contributes to the formation of smog and acid rain that can affect tropospheric ozone [1–3]. CS2 is not only extensively used in organic chemistry as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent but also oftentimes used for dry cleaning and as an insecticide spray for the protection of grains [4–7]. Occupational exposure to CS2 can also cause various health risks such as deficiency of vitamin B6, nervous system diseases and cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke [8]. Adsorption of CS2 molecules on the surface of pure BC3 nanotube has been systemically studied through DFT methods. The results showed that the BC3 nanotube can be used as a sensor of CS2 [9]. Ghenaatian et al. studied CS2 adsorption on Zn12O12 nano-cage. They discovered strong adsorption of the CS2 on the Zn12O12 nano-cage [10]. The adsorption of H2S, COS, CS2 and SO2 gases on the potential application of an AlN nanocluster was explored. The results demonstrated that the Al12N12 nanocluster can act as a sensor for SO2 gas between the intended gases [11].
Molecular dynamic simulation and experimental data on graphene wettability on heated structured surfaces
Published in Experimental Heat Transfer, 2022
S.Y Misyura, V.A Andryushchenko, V.S Morozov
In view of the above, it is important to determine not only the effect of material properties on wettability, but also to establish the key factors and dependencies for the evaporating drop. The intensity of evaporation of a drop or film of water depends on the temperature, as well as on the thermophysical properties of the substrate and its roughness [32–35]. Influence of relative air humidity on droplet evaporation is considered in [36]. Influence of a surfactant on droplet evaporation is studied in [37]. The influence of the substrate material and wall textures on the wettability and evaporation rate is considered in [35, 38, 39]. Laser texturing is one of the effective methods for changing the wettability and imparting various functional properties to surfaces [40–42]. The effect of convection in a liquid on the evaporation rate is studied in [43–45]. Evaporation of solution droplets is considered in [46]. Surfactant changes the wettability and suppresses thermocapillary forces on the free surface of the droplet [47]. The long-term presence of graphene in the air atmosphere leads to the adsorption of hydrocarbon impurities, which significantly change the wettability of the coating. To clean graphene from various impurities, various methods are used: solvent cleaning, dry cleaning and thermal annealing. The thermal annealing turns out to be effective in removing the poly-methyl methacrylate [48]. The texture of the wall and the use of nanoparticles allow changing the wettability, as well as enhancing heat transfer and boiling [49–51].