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Sustainable Construction Materials
Published in J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction, 2018
J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture
Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials are used in the following industries: heavy construction, highway construction, oil and gas, chemical, petrochemical, power, mining, and process. Carbon-fiber composites are used for repairing and rehabilitating systems because they are “ten times as strong as steel, at less than a quarter the density, and they are corrosion resistant. Application of composite repairs involves layers of carbon fiber impregnated with epoxy resin being built up to the specified requirements in terms of thickness, overlap onto good metal, fiber orientation, gradient at the ends or edges of the repair and so on, in line with the repair design specifications. The repairs could be designed for the lifetime required—from just a couple of years, to permanent (25 years plus)” (Engineer Live 2007, p. 1). According to Hastak et al. (2003, p. 1409), “Composites offer several advantages over conventional materials such as superior strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios, a higher degree of chemical inertness, and design flexibility. Some of the potential downstream benefits include lower life cycle costs, lighter members, high corrosion and fatigue resistance, and higher live load capacity.”
Secondary Processing
Published in B. T. Åström, Manufacturing of Polymer Composites, 2018
While composites are thought of as being difficult to repair, this is rarely true. With a nonpenetrating damage, it may be sufficient to laminate a doubler onto the inside of the component to strengthen the damaged region and then to refinish the exterior surface. In more severe cases, the damaged material is machined completely off and the laminate edges carefully tapered. A new laminate is laid up ply by ply and then crosslinked. In most cases the result is fully acceptable. Also sandwich structures may be repaired through removal and replacement of the damaged core; faces are repaired in the same fashion as with single-skin composites. Composite repair is particularly well established in aerospace applications where damaged components are generally far too expensive to not repair.
The failure mechanism analysis of corroded pipelines repaired with CFRP under bending loads using FEM
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2023
Zhang Peng, Zhang Yu, Xin Jianhang, Wang Yao
The pipelines are important in the transportation of oil and gas. Although these pipelines have high strength and convenient connection, they are easy to deteriorate as corrosions and cracks, which may potentially lead to leaking. Most of the natural gas and oil pipelines in the world have been in service for more than 60 years (Chapetti et al. 2001). These pipelines need to be repaired immediately to restore their normal operation ability. Generally, there are three methods to repair the pipelines: welding, fixture and composite material. Corroded pipelines are frequently repaired using CFRP because of its low cost, simple repair process and good corrosion resistance (Duell et al. 2008; Michael 2009), as shown in Figure 1. A composite repair system includes three parts: (ⅰ) composite material, (ⅱ) adhesive and (ⅲ) filler, and the problems of composite material repairing pipelines mainly include the performance analysis of composite material, the debonding between pipelines and composite materials, the influences of the filler and defect geometry (Shamsuddoha et al. 2013; Sing et al. 2017; Barkanov et al. 2018).