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Linear and Non-Linear Rheological Properties of Foods
Published in Dennis R. Heldman, Daryl B. Lund, Cristina M. Sabliov, Handbook of Food Engineering, 2018
Ozlem C. Duvarci, Gamze Yazar, Hulya Dogan, Jozef L. Kokini
The points in the Newtonian fluid are farther along in the circulation pattern than those in the inelastic Bird–Carreau fluid, with the PTT fluid points falling in the middle. Shear thinning causes irregularity in the shape of the cluster when it is moving towards the back of the blade tip. Circulation of the points caught in the plug flow region will be retarded, allowing all the points to become more spread out over time. It is also appa rent that there is no mechanism for moving particles out of the circular streamlines that are present in this region. In order for the distributive mixing to be improved, a mechanism to fold the fluid is required.
Finite Element Method for Micro- and Nano-Systems for Biotechnology
Published in Sarhan M. Musa, Computational Finite Element Methods in Nanotechnology, 2013
If we use the Ostwald expression τ=ηγ˙n, the Fanning friction factor can be expressed as 16/ReNN, where ReNN is a non-Newtonian Reynolds number [29]. However, to our knowledge, there is no closed-form expression for a Carreau fluid for rectangular channels, and one must rely on numerical modeling. In the following section, we show some consequences of this change of frictional pressure drop.
Convective Transport on a Flat Plate (Laminar Boundary Layers)
Published in Joel L. Plawsky, Transport Phenomena Fundamentals, 2020
We can use numerical methods to simulate a boundary layer flow and see if the simulations can reproduce the general features we have discovered from the analytical solution. Two of those features are that the boundary layer grows as the square root of distance from the leading edge and that the boundary layer velocity profile is self-similar in x. The power of simulation is that we can handle situations such as non-Newtonian fluids that can't be handled so easily analytically. Figure 12.7 shows the boundary layer thickness profile for a Carreau fluid whose viscosity obeys: μ=μ∞+μo−μ∞1+λγ˙2n−1/2=0.01+0.01−0.0011+2γ˙2
Buongiorno model analysis on Carreau fluid flow in a microchannel with Non-linear thermal radiation impact and irreversibility
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2022
The Carreau fluid is one of the fascinating models among all the non-Newtonian liquid models, which instigated flung applications over multiple disciplines such as processing of food, polymer industries, and production of textiles. As per the above literature no accomplishment has yet been done on the scrutinization of Carreau fluid flow in a horizontal microchannel under the consequences of nonlinear radiation and the Buongiorno model with irreversibility analysis. The novelty of this work scrutinizes the thermal energy and mass transfer process of Carreau fluid when exposed to nonlinear radiation in presence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The numerical simulation attained with the help of the Runge-Kutta method. Results obtained are manifested with the help of plots.
Numerical solution of Arrhenius activation energy for rotational flow
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Mair Khan, T. Salahuddin, Moeen Taj, Basem Al Alwan
Non-Newtonian fluids have attracted various researchers, due to their vast industrial solicitations in engineering and science. Owing to the development of fluids, numerous researchers proposed various constitute relationships between stress and rate of strain for different models. Carreau-fluid is a subclass of non-Newtonian fluids, which has received abundant interest from researchers due to its shear thinning and thickening properties. Sulochana et al. [1] illustrated the stagnation point flow of Carreau fluid due to an extendable surface. Machireddy et al. [2] discussed the flow of Carreau fluid over a porous medium under convective slip conditions and solar radiations. Raju et al. [3] presented the temperature-based viscosity and viscous dissipation on MHD Carreau fluid flow over a cone with various alloy nanomaterials. The heat transfer and thermal radiations change in Carreau nanofluid were discussed by Kumar et al. [4]. Malik et al. [5] illustrated the boundary layer flow of Carreau fluid through a variable thickness sheet. Hsiao [6] studied the activation energy to improve the efficiency of the manufacturing system utilizing Carreau nanofluid. Bioconvection impact of MHD Carreau nanoliquid over upper horizontal paraboloid surface under the chemical reactions was elaborated by Khan et al. [7]. Salahuddin et al. [8] presented generalized slip effects in Carreau nanofluid persuaded by a linear stretching cylinder. Animasaun and Pop [9] deliberated the numerical solution of Carreau fluid flow driven by first-order chemical reaction over an upper horizontal surface stretched at the free stream. Applications of Carreau fluid on a rotating surface were studied in [10–12].
Numerical study on magnetohydrodynamics micropolar Carreau nanofluid with Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect
Published in International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 2023
The micropolar fluid concept deals with a kind of fluids that exhibit specific microscopic effects arising due to the micromotions of the fluid particles. It has widespread practical applications including liquid analyzing exotic lubricants’ behavior, animal and human blood, additive suspension, crystals, etc. Kim [16] provides the numerical results to analyze the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a micropolar fluid over a porous vertical plate. The impact of radiation, Ohmic heating, and viscous dissipation on MHD micropolar nanofluid past a stretching sheet is studied by Atif et al. [17] by adopting the non-Fourier and non-Fick’s model. Ali et al. [18] examined the impact of thermal radiation and thermal stratification on the MHD micropolar nanofluid flow through a shrinking sheet with a specified heat flux on the surface. Rawat et al. [19] have examined micropolar fluid flow past a nonlinearly stretching sheet under the magnetic field’s influence, variable heat flux, and micro-inertia density. They inferred that the fluid motion and thermal and concentration profiles are strengthened with the rise in velocity exponent. A numerical study is carried out by Ali et al. [20] to examine the behavior of MHD micropolar fluid flow due to inclined sheet using the finite element method. The importance of radiation and magnetic dipole on the behavior of micropolar ferromagnetic fluid flow past a stretching sheet is explored by Hussain et al. [21]. In the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field, Bilal et al. [22] investigated the heat and flow characteristics of a non-Newtonian micropolar nanofluid flowing through a micropolar channel with porous walls using the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model. During the examination of the rate of shear stress, it is important to observe that the Carreau fluid, one of the generalized Newtonian fluids, gains its importance as its viscosity property impacts more on shear rate. The scientist Pierre Carreau first introduced the Carreau fluid in 1972. The heat and mass transfer mechanisms in MHD Carreau nanofluid past a permeable stretching sheet under Brownian motion and thermophoresis effect are studied by Khan and Azam [23]. Lu et al. [24] have reported the influences of variable thermal conductivity and non-Fourier heat flux on the 3D MHD flow of Carreau fluid over a bidirectional sheet. Further, one can examine the behavior of the micropolar and Carreau nanofluids model under various conditions ([25–27]). Few academics have recently expressed an interest in combining Carreau and micropolar nanofluids for research. Atif et al. ([28,29]) have examined the impacts of thermal radiation, viscosity dissipation, Joule, heating, and internal heating effects on MHD micropolar Carreau nanofluid flow across a stretching sheet. Madhura et al. [30] have examined the nonlinear thermal radiation effect on the MHD boundary flow of micropolar Carreau fluid past an infinite verticle plate.