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Biodegradable Polymer-Based Natural Fiber Composites
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Manash Protim Mudoi, Shishir Sinha
The development of a suitable biodegradable polymer is crucial for the synthesis of biocomposite for a specific application. Initially, biopolymers were used in farming, packaging, and industries requiring low-strength material. High cost and limitation in performance are significant issues hindering biopolymer's mass acceptance. For some biopolymers, the low production volume is crucial for having a higher cost (Mohnty et al., 2005). Avoiding the degradation of the biopolymers and natural fibers during storage and usage, while achieving the desired degradation at the end of the life cycle is a significant challenge when preparing the advanced biodegradable polymer composites. Cellulose acetate (Asyraf et al., 2021), poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (Soon et al., 2019), and poly(lactic acid) (Pan et al., 2021; Reddy et al., 2021) are some of the biodegradable polymers. They are used with natural fibers like jute, hemp, kenaf, bamboo, wood flour, abaca, and flax to prepare biocomposite materials (Visakh et al., 2019). Even after having promising properties, biocomposites are subjected to drawbacks like poor fiber wettability and poor interfacial adhesivity between the hydrophobic polymer matrix and polar hydrophilic natural fiber. This incompatibility results in low stiffness, strength, and moisture absorbance. Fiber surface modification and introducing compatible coupling agents enhance the mechanical and physical properties of the biocomposite material. In this chapter, the current research trend and the applications of biodegradable composite material are discussed.
Classifications and Applications of Biocomposite Materials in Various Biomedical Fields
Published in S. M. Sapuan, Y. Nukman, N. A. Abu Osman, R. A. Ilyas, Composites in Biomedical Applications, 2020
N. Bano, S. S. Jikan, H. Basri, S. Adzila, N. A. Badarulzaman, N. N. Ruslan, S. Abdullah, S. H. M. Suhaimy
This chapter discusses the definition and evolution of biomaterials, and then presents the introduction of classes of biomaterials such as metals and alloys, bioceramics, and biopolymers, and also discusses their basic properties and applications with examples. The development in biopolymer, metal and alloy, and bioceramic materials as matrices with the incorporation of either organic or inorganic fillers leads to formation of new biocomposites. These biocomposites are very beneficial in a wide range of biomedical applications, especially in the fields of orthopedic and dental surgeries. Biocomposite materials have outstanding biocompatibility, biodegradability, and greater mechanical properties. In addition, this review states the definition of biocomposites and summarizes the recent work on the development of biocomposite materials containing either biopolymer, bioceramic, or metal and alloy as the matrix with different bioactive fillers suitable for use in various biomedical fields. This chapter describes thoroughly the types of biocomposites based on reinforcement systems, numerous classifications, and applications in biomedical fields.
Zero kilometer materials and products suitable for urban regeneration
Published in Francese Dora, Technologies for Sustainable Urban Design and Bioregionalist Regeneration, 2016
Some traditional typologies of biocomposites have always been employed in architecture, such as the mixed systems in hemp and flour or the straw and earth, while other innovative typologies are increasingly developing, such as those at polymeric matrix. The latest are made up with a reinforced phase, which can include vegetable fibers such as cotton, linen, hemp, kenaf, recycled timber fibers, paper trashes, or even elements derived from food crops and fiber of regenerated cellulose. The matrix (the other component of the biocomposite) can be made of peculiar polymers, so-called biopolymers, ideally derived from renewable resources such as vegetable oils.
Interference screws 3D printed with polymer-based biocomposites (HA/PLA/PCL)
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2023
J. Jamari, D.F. Fitriyana, P. S. Ramadhan, S. Nugroho, R. Ismail, A.P Bayuseno
Furthermore, biocomposite materials can be manufactured in practice by combining two or more reinforcement components with polymer matrices to improve the final material’s properties.[10] The weight composition and individual component properties are important factors influencing the properties of biocomposites.[11] Because of their good biocompatibility and moldability, PCL (polycaprolactone) and PLA (poly-lactic acid) are biodegradable polymers that can be used in tissue engineering. PCL and PLA, according to the Food and Drug Administration, are biomaterials with excellent biodegradability [12] However, PCL and PLA biopolymers are unable to unite new human tissue, necessitating the use of particle bioceramics for reinforcement, which may include HA (hydroxyapatite) for improved osteconduction due to the poor mechanical properties of pure HA.[13,14] Additionally, HA is naturally surrounded by an organic collagen phase in human bone.[15] As a result, biocomposite-based polymers mixed with HA have been identified as promising biomaterials for 3D-printed bone regeneration scaffolds.[16,17]
Environmental remediation using metals and inorganic and organic materials: a review
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Haragobinda Srichandan, Puneet Kumar Singh, Pankaj Kumar Parhi, Pratikhya Mohanty, Tapan Kumar Adhya, Ritesh Pattnaik, Snehasish Mishra, Pranab Kumar Hota
Biocomposite is composed of two or more quite unrelated materials, one of natural origin, united to create a new material with enhanced performance than the participating materials. Zero-valent metals (Fe0, Zn0 and Cu0), metal oxides (ZnO, TiO and Fe3O4), bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe/Pd, Zn/Pd, Fe/Ni), etc., are potential pollutant removers. To increase their metal removal ability, stiffness, permeability, crystallinity and thermal stability, biopolymers are often integrated with metal nanoparticles to generate biocomposite/nanobiocomposite. Nanobiocomposites are effective adsorbents to remove pollutants from aqueous systems due to their numerous advantages.58 Iron oxide nanoparticles possess properties like high adsorption, super-paramagnetism, chemical inertness, etc., applied alone to adsorb metal ions and dyes from contaminated water.23,59 Their efficacy as catalyst to degrade 4-chlorophenol is reported.23,59
Clay 3D printing as a bio-design research tool: development of photosynthetic living building components
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2022
Assia Crawford, Pichaya In-na, Gary Caldwell, Rachel Armstrong, Ben Bridgens
Biocomposite materials can provide a new palette of products for a sustainable building fabric that is grown and able to perform desirable functions previously serviced by mechanical systems (Stefanova, Bridgens, In-na, et al. 2020; Fazal et al. 2018; Månsson 2012; Su, Mennerich, and Urban 2012). Building on existing research that uses minimal moisture environments that sustain photosynthetic organisms through the hygroscopic properties of material substrates, the present study evaluated ceramic biocomposites and the effect of component wall thickness, internal subdivisions, clay type and different firing temperatures on the photosynthetic performance of living microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) embedded within two matrix types (kappa carrageenan and clay binder) (In-na et al. 2020; Stefanova et al. 2021; In-na, Lee, and Caldwell 2021). The study postulates the creation of microenvironments through the use of designed geometries that permit living organisms to migrate to the most favourable growth zones, harnessing organismal intelligence.