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Osmotic Energy and Pressure Retarded Osmosis
Published in Chun Feng Wan, Tai-Shung Chung, Membrane Technology for Osmotic Power Generation by Pressure Retarded Osmosis, 2020
Chun Feng Wan, Tai-Shung Chung
In terms of material and membrane researches, efforts to develop robust, highly permeable, highly selective, cost-friendly, environment-friendly, and easy-to-scale membranes should continue. As ICP causes the most significant drop in the effective driving force and PRO performances of thin-film composite membrane, more open and interconnected membrane substrates need to be developed without compromising the mechanical properties of the substrates. Another important direction is to develop more effective antifouling and antiscaling membranes with easy-to-scale modification methods. These challenges may require researchers to develop novel methodologies or employ new materials and additives to fabricate membranes with new morphologies and structures. Although membranes with an integrally selective layer may show better antifouling performances with the selective layer facing the feed solution, their water permeability needs to be improved by two- to four-folds in order to compete with thin-film composite membranes for osmotic power generation.
Nanocomposite Membranes in Water Treatment
Published in P.K. Tewari, Advanced Water Technologies, 2020
In a thin-film composite membrane with nanocomposite substrate membrane, silica or zeolite nanoparticles are embedded into the polysulfone substrate, which is then used in the interfacial polymerization process to prepare a thin-film composite membrane.201 This type of membrane shows higher initial permeability and lower flux decline during compaction than the original thin-film composite membrane. The nanomaterial provides the necessary mechanical support to mitigate the collapse of the porous structure and to resist thickness reduction due to compaction. Membranes with a nanocomposite substrate undergo less physical compaction and play an important role in maintaining high water permeability (Figure 4.4).202
Engineering Aspects of WFI Systems Design
Published in Kenneth E. Avis, Sterile Pharmaceutical Products, 2018
The double-pass RO unit is developing a strong reputation in the industry for producing chloride-free, high permeate resistivity (approximately 1 meg-ohm/cm), and low microbial count water. When operated properly, the thin film composite membrane can be chemically sanitized weekly and last up to one year.
Recent development of integrating CO2 hydrogenation into methanol with ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) as potential source of green energy
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2023
Mohd Hizami Mohd Yusoff, Lau Kok Keong, Nor Hafizah Yasin, Mohammad Syamzari Rafeen, Amiruddin Hassan, Geetha Srinivasan, Suzana Yusup, Azmi Mohd Shariff, A. Bakar Jaafar
Meanwhile, membrane separation is another widely applied CO2 capture technology because of its benefits such as energy efficiency, modular, and chemical-free operation (85). Recently, the focus on membrane development shifted to a thin-film composite membrane (TFCMs). The most common porous substrate employed in the fabrication of TFCMs are polysulfone (PSF) (86), polyacrylonitrile (PAN) (87,88) and alumina due to their non-resistance to the permeate gas molecule (89). Furthermore, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is extensively utilized for gutter layers owing to its high gas permeability (90,91). The existence of the gutter layer resulted in the minimum defect-free membrane (92) as well as facilitated the transport of gas molecules from the selective layer to the support. The current development of TFCMs can unlock current membrane development’s inadequacy for CO2 separation. Nevertheless, several aspects shall be considered in developing high-performance TFCMs, such as material selection for the three layers of TFCMs, practical methods for TFCMs preparation at the scale-up level, which can accommodate the industrial application, and finally on the stability of the membrane performance. Thus, it is crucial to look in-depth into all these aspects to succeed in TFCMs membrane development. Overall, the development of TFCMs membrane has potential for membrane separation technology, particularly in CO2 gas separation applications.