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Safety Climate and Safety Culture
Published in John W. Overton, Eileen Frazer, Safety and Quality in Medical Transport Systems, 2019
The key in any organizational evaluation and improvement program is to develop effective measures to assess the current condition of the safety culture, as well as to determine whether past interventions have been effective to achieve any desired cultural change. Therefore ongoing evaluations should be performed at regular intervals to manage organizational transformation. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques contribute to this goal. Survey methodology is cost-effective for organizations as data can be collected and analyzed rather quickly. Surveys also offer the advantage of allowing a large percentage of an organization’s population to respond and to do so anonymously. However, survey methodology is not a stand-alone practice (Guldenmund 2000, 2007; Schein 1991). Surveys work best when performed in conjunction with other observational and auditing activity such as focus groups, one-on-one interviews, trend analysis, etc.
The materials platforms and the teaching of product design
Published in Paulo Jorge da Silva Bartolo, Fernando Moreira da Silva, Shaden Jaradat, Helena Bartolo, Industry 4.0 – Shaping The Future of The Digital World, 2020
One of the methodologies applied was the survey methodology, which aims to obtain data, by various means such as mail, telephone, email, face-to-face questionnaires individually or in groups. According to Moreira da Silva, “a good questionnaire must be capable of validating and measuring factors of interest, induce respondents to cooperate in the study, and obtain information accurately” (Moreira da Silva, 1999).
Role of Internet Self-Efficacy and Interactions on Blended Learning Effectiveness
Published in Journal of Computer Information Systems, 2022
Ritanjali Panigrahi, Praveen Ranjan Srivastava, Prabin Kumar Panigrahi, Yogesh K Dwivedi
Common Method Bias (CMB) is caused due to the instrument of data collection rather than the appropriate representation of the construct items. Since the data is collected through survey methodology from the respondent one at a time, it is likely to introduce common method bias.91 The presence of common method bias can inflate or deflate the correlations among variables in the data. Hence, it is crucial to take procedural measures before data collection to minimize the possible CMB in actual data collection.92 A psychological separation is created by asking response variable immediately and giving time to answer the rest of the variable at a different time. Further, to minimize the common method bias, the respondents’ anonymity is protected which reduced the evaluation apprehension. Moreover, the scale items are improved by defining unfamiliar or ambiguous terms and keeping the items simple and concise. Additionally, a statistical test for common method variance is conducted to check whether the majority of variance is explained by a single factor. Harman’s single-factor test is conducted in SPSS to detect the presence of common method variance as it is accepted as good statistical criteria for CMB.93 The result showed that no single factor accounted for more than 50% (36.846%) of the variance. Thus, no general factor is identified that explains the majority of the variance in data. This implies that common method variance is not likely to influence the results of the study.