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Published in Benjamin K. Sovacool, The Routledge Handbook of Energy Security, 2010
Benjamin K. Sovacool, Marilyn A. Brown
Chapter 1 of this book argued that energy security consists of four interconnected criteria or dimensions: availability, affordability, efficiency, and environmental stewardship. Availability refers to diversifying the fuels used to provide energy services as well as the location of facilities using those fuels, promoting energy systems that can recover quickly from attack or disruption, and minimizing dependence on foreign suppliers. Affordability refers to providing energy services that are affordable for consumers and minimizing price volatility. Efficiency involves improving the performance of energy equipment and altering consumer attitudes. Stewardship consists of protecting the natural environment, communities, and future generations. Recognizing that each criterion does not exist in a vacuum, and that each is of comparable importance, Table 19.1 presents ten indicators that comprise an energy security index. Note that, in each case, the indicator is an inverse measure of security; that is, the higher the value, the lower the energy security.
The importance of place-based narrative in suburban forest planning
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2021
Despite these issues without adequate long-term stewardship by communities, tree survival is likely to be negatively impacted (Carmichael and McDonough 2019, 601). Stewardship is particularly important because many cities have reducing budgets for such projects because there has occurred a recent transferral of responsibilities for services from government to the private, community and voluntary sectors (Carmichael and McDonough 2019, 601). In this context, urban forest planning that fosters place identity that is collectively shared (Gulsrud, Hertzog, and Shears 2018, 159) will be of critical importance. This situation implies that urban forest planning should grow from being a technical exercise into one in which landscapes become a ‘work of art’ (Porter 2015, 15) embodying place-based narratives.