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Solar Energy
Published in Sergio C. Capareda, Introduction to Renewable Energy Conversions, 2019
The wire size is calculated using Equation 2.20. The wire size (Aw) is usually reported in units of mm, while WL is the load in watts, V is the system voltage, and L is the length of wire in meters. The standard wire gauge in the United States is called the American wire gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown and Sharpe wire gauge. The dimensions of the wires are given in ASTM Standard B 258. The cross-sectional area of each gauge is important for determining current carrying capacity. Increasing gauge numbers mean decreasing wire diameters. For example, AWG#16 has a diameter of 1.291 mm [0.0508 in], AWG#14 has a diameter of 1.628 mm [0.0641 in], AWG#12 has a diameter of 2.053 mm [0.0808 in], and AWG#10 has a diameter of 2.588 mm [0.1019 in]: Awmm=0.04×WLV×L
Surgical Needles
Published in Chih-Chang Chu, J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, Howard P. Greisler, Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, 2018
J. A. von Fraunhofer, C.C. Chu
Wires used to manufacture needles are specified by diameter (inches or millimeters) or by gauge, such as the British standard wire gauge (SWG), the USP system, or the Brown and Sharpe (B&S) gauge. The approximate correlations between these various wire sizes are shown in Table 3.4.
A new magnetorheological finishing process for ferromagnetic cylindrical honed surfaces
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018
Talwinder Singh Bedi, Anant Kumar Singh
To improve the traditionally honed inner surface of ferromagnetic cylindrical components with the present MR finishing process, the magnetic flux density is regarded as an important factor for analyzing the process performance. The magnetic flux density distribution in the working gap between the finishing tool core surface and the cylindrical ferromagnetic workpiece surface was carried out with Maxwell ansoft V13 software (student version). The magnetic flux density distribution at 0.6 mm working gap (filled with MR polishing fluid) was analyzed. For this magnetostatic FEA, the material assigned to the electromagnetic model of the developed tool core was mild steel with a relative permeability (µr) of 1500, ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece with µr of 1500 and electromagnetic copper coil with µr of 0.999991. The numbers of turns of the electromagnetic coil made on each solid rectangular core were 2400 (copper wire size of 26 standard wire gauge) with a magnetizing current of 1A.
Development of magnetorheological fluid-based process for finishing of ferromagnetic cylindrical workpiece
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2018
Talwinder Singh Bedi, Anant Kumar Singh
Therefore, to overcome the challenges for significant finishing of ferromagnetic workpiece surface, an MR fluid-based finishing process has been developed. In this developed process, the finishing tool along with electromagnet has been kept inside the cylindrical ferromagnetic workpiece surface as shown in Figure 3 and finishes the surface by tool movement as similar to conventional honing operation. The schematic of present thought of magnetorheological (MR) tool for finishing of the internal and blind hole surface of cylindrical ferromagnetic workpiece is shown in Figure 3a and 3b, respectively, with the 2D plot (magnetostatic FEA) for distribution of magnetic flux density in the working gap. The magnetostatic FEA has been conducted with Maxwell Ansoft V13 software (student version). The magnetic flux density distribution at 0.6 mm working gap (filled with MR polishing fluid) is analyzed. For the magnetostatic FEA, the assigned material to the electromagnetic model of the present tool design is mild steel with relative permeability (µr) as 600 for its cores and also same for cylindrical/blind hole workpiece. The material for electromagnet is assigned as copper with µr as 0.999991. The number of turns of electromagnetic coil is taken as 700 (copper wire size of 20 standard wire gauge) with magnetizing current of 1.3 A.
Biogas production and its application in compressed gas
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2018
Two types of digester are used for the production of biogas. They are 1. floating drum type 2. Fixed drum type. In this study laboratory scale floating type digester was designed and fabricated. Schematic and photographic view of floating type digester are shown in Figures 1 & 2. The outer and inner drums are fabricated using Galvanized Iron sheet of thickness 12 standard wire gauge (SWG) as per dimension shown in the schematic diagram. Outer drum is provided with center shaft for sliding of the inner drum. Outer drum also provided with feed pipe at top and train pipe at the bottom. Inner drum is having gas outlet pipe with the control valve.