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Electrical Power Systems/Improved Efficiency
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
Conductor Sizes.Table 8-2 lists the sizes of copper and aluminum electrical conductors. The American Wire Gauge (AWG) is used to measure the diameter of conductors. The sizes range from No. 40 AWG, which is the smallest, to No. 0000. AWG are expressed in million circular mil (MCM) units. Notice in Table 8-2 that, as the AWG size number becomes smaller, the conductor is larger. Sizes up to No. 8 AWG are solid conductors, whereas larger wires have from 7 to 61 strands. Table 8-2 also lists the resistance (in ohms per 1000 feet) of copper and aluminum conductors. These values are used to determine conductor voltage drop in power distribution systems. Voltage drop has implications for energy conservation.
Electrical System Design, Load Calculation, and Wiring
Published in Radian Belu, Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks, 2020
The smallest wire size used in power distribution networks and building electrical systems is #14 AWG, consisting typically of a single conductor having an outside diameter of 0.0641 inches, or 64.1 mils (one mil is equal to 1/1000 of an inch). The largest AWG designation is #4/0 AWG, having a diameter of 0.072 inches or 72 mils. Each individual strand of a seven-strand #4/0 AWG conductor has a diameter of 173.9 mils. Larger conductors are specified in circular mils of cross-sectional area. One circular mil is the area of a circle with a diameter of one mil (one mil is one thousandth of an inch). Conductor sizes are often given in kcmil, thousands of circular mils. In the past, the abbreviation MCM was used, which means thousands of circular mils (M is thousands, not mega, in this case). By definition, a solid 1000 kcmil wire has a diameter of 1 inch. The diameter of a solid wire in mils is related to the area in circular mils by d=A.
CHAPTER 6 Transmission Techniques: Wire and Cable
Published in Douglas Self, Audio Engineering Explained, 2012
Each time the wire size changes three numbers, such as from 16 AWG to 19 AWG, the resistance doubles. The reverse is also true. With a wire changed from 16 AWG to 13 AWG, the resistance halves. This also means that combining two identical wires of any given gage decreases the total gage of the combined wires by three units, and reduces the resistance. two 24 AWG wires combined (twisted together) would be 21 AWG, for instance. If wires are combined of different gages, the resulting gage can be easily calculated by adding the circular mil area (CMA) shown in Tables 6.2 and 6.3. for instance, if three wires were combined, one 16 AWG (2583 CMA), one 20 AWG (1022 CMA) and one 24 AWG (404 CMA), the total CMA would be 2583 + 1022 + 404 = 4009 CMA. Looking at Table 6.1, this numbers falls just under 14 AWG. While even number gages are the most common, odd number gages (e.g., 23 AWG) can sometimes be found. There are many Category 6 (Cat 6) premise/data cables that are 23 AWG, for instance. When required, manufacturers can even produce partial gages. There are coaxial cables with 28.5 AWG center conductors. Such specialized gage sizes might require equally special connectors.
Design and Study of Novel Tunable ELF-PEMF System for Therapeutic Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Himani Kohli, Sangeeta Srivastava, Manan Oza, Satish Chouhan, Shivani Verma, Anju Bansal, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar Sharma
An important parameter required for the construction of the coil was the selection of the wire gauge. For safety, copper-enameled wire of 18 American Wire Gauge (AWG), having a current capacity up to 10 A and a diameter of 1.024 mm, was selected for the construction of the exposure system. The coil was professionally wound on a wooden frame of radius 15 cm with 200 turns in each coil and separated by a distance equal to the radius to obtain a uniform field strength.