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Shaft Design
Published in Wei Tong, Mechanical Design and Manufacturing of Electric Motors, 2022
There are numerous advantages of spline connections over key connections: (a) Because the spline is machined directly on the shaft, no relative motion can occur between the spline teeth and the shaft. (b) With multiple spline teeth, the torsion and bending loads are uniformly distributed to the teeth. (c) Each spline tooth transfers a much lower torsion load compared with a keyed shaft. Thus, spline shafts can transmit large torque or power. (d) A spline shaft has an ability to accommodate large axial movements between the shaft and the mating part while simultaneously transmitting torque. (e) An involute spline shaft has an autocentering dynamics that allows a semi- or full-floating coupling. (f) The mating part can be indexed to various positions with respect to the shaft spline. (g) A helical spline shaft can drive the axial and rotary motion at the same time. (h) Using the hob to cut spline shafts can offer notable advantages in terms of both manufacturing efficiency and spline profile accuracy over the manufacturing method for keyed shafts. (i) Splines are usually heat-treated to increase the surface hardness and wear resistance. By contrast, it is very rare to do heat treatment to shaft keyseats. (j) Uniformly distributed spline teeth have little impact on shaft unbalance. For a keyed shaft, the keyseat can bring an unbalance problem. (k) While a shaft with an external key is subject to a high stress concentration at the mouth of keyseat, a spline shaft has much lower stress concentration due to the distribution of loads to all teeth.
Principles of Energy Conversion
Published in Hamid A. Toliyat, Gerald B. Kliman, Handbook of Electric Motors, 2018
Hamid A. Toliyat, Gerald B. Kliman
Splined shafts are shafts with teeth cut parallel to the shaft centerline by use of special hob-cutting tools. The teeth may be on the outside or on the inside of the shaft extension. They are designed to mate with matching teeth on the driven machine. The teeth are crowned to allow for misalignment. Splined shafts are commonly used in electric lift truck motors because of the ease of assembly and disassembly. When many motors of the same design are being made, the tooling cost can be easily justified. Splines do not allow alignment adjustment and therefore can result in more motor vibration than flexible couplings. In addition, splines wear and have to be replaced. Sometimes the shaft extension with the splined teeth is designed to be removable and replaceable.
Gear Tooth Design
Published in Peter Lynwander, Gear Drive Systems, 2019
Splines are used in mechanical systems to transmit torque and motion from one shaft to another. A spline connection consists of a set of external gear teeth arranged in a circle which fit into a corresponding set of internal gear teeth. Splines provide a strong, compact method of connection which can accommodate some misalignment.
Integrated product-process modelling for platform-based co-development
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Thomas Ditlev Brunoe, Ann-Louise Andersen, Daniel G.H. Sorensen, Kjeld Nielsen, Mads Bejlegaard
The example used to illustrate the principles of the proposed modelling approach is a splined shaft. A splined shaft is a machine element used in mechanical products to transfer torque from one part of a machine to another. The specific part, which is illustrated in Figure 2, is a machined metal shaft with splines in one end and a hole through the shaft in the other end. The shaft is manufactured using this sequence of operations: Sawing to length a piece of a steel rodTurning, to obtain specified outer diametersMilling splinesDrilling hole