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Basic Materials Engineering
Published in David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear, Materials Selection for Hydrocarbon and Chemical Plants, 2017
David A. Hansen, Robert B. Puyear
Hardness is measured according to ASTM D2240, “Test Method for Durometer Hardness,” and ASTM D1415, “Test Method for International Hardness.” The Durometer instrument measures the indentation depth when the instrument is pressed onto a flat surface of the elastomer. One instrument is used for soft materials (Shore Durometer A scale) and another for harder materials (Shore Durometer D scale). Figure 2-11 shows the relationship between the Durometer scales and the Rockwell R scale used for plastic materials.
Rheology and Physical Tests
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
The shore durometer is a simple instrument used to measure the resistance of a material to the penetration of a blunt needle. In the Barcol approach, a sharp indenter is used to measure the ability of a sample to resist penetration by the indenter (Figure 14.17). The values given in Table 14.3 are for one specific set of conditions and needle area for the Barcol and Brinell hardness tests.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Reciprocating Seals in Seawater Hydraulic Variable Ballast Components for 11,000-m Operation
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2023
Defa Wu, Yunxiang Ma, Zhenyao Wang, Hao Min, Yipan Deng, Yinshui Liu
The rod and groove are made of metal materials with Young's modulus much greater than the rubber material for the sealing ring. A simple linear elastic material model can be used for simulation. The seal ring is composed of a rectangular ring and a D-shaped ring. Their materials are polyurethane and nitrile rubber, which have complex nonlinear material characteristics. They can be regarded as incompressible superelastic materials. The two-parameter Mooney–Rivlin model is widely used to describe the physical properties of rubber materials. It can get a more reasonable approximation when the strain range is 150% and the local strain does not exceed 200% (24). The strain energy function of the model is shown in the following formula: where W is strain energy potential, I1 and I2 are the deviatoric strain invariants, C10 and C01 represent Mooney–Rivlin coefficients, d is the incompressible material parameter, and J is the elastic volume ratio. A Shore durometer measures the hardness of the rubber materials. According to Zhang's method (25), the Mooney–Rivlin parameters of rubber materials can be obtained. The geometric and material parameters of the finite element simulation are listed in Table 1.
Experimental investigation of morphological and mechanical properties of SiC-neem-coir fiber reinforced hybrid composite
Published in Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 2022
R Pandiyarajan, Starvin M, Belsam Jeba Ananth M, Marimuthu S, Sabarish S, S Ponsuriyaprakash
Shore Durometer (Shore D) hardness scales possess different levels that measure material's resistance to indentation in a similar fashion to the hardness tests done for metals. The hardness gauge was similar to a pressure gauge with a circular dial, with a needle that comes into contact with the test surface, to apply pressure. When the set pressure was applied firmly, the needle penetrated the surface of the specimen as far as possible, and the subsequent readout in the gauge indicated the hardness measure of the specimen. In this study, for measuring the hardness of the composite material, Shore D hardness scale measurement was used because of its utility in representing the hardness values of hard rubbers, semirigid plastics and hard plastics (Srinivasa and Bharath 2011). The samples under this test in the present work were tested by following the ASTM D2240 standard.