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Computer memory systems
Published in Joseph D. Dumas, Computer Architecture, 2016
Because of the uniformity of addressing and access times, RAMs can easily be interfaced in a synchronous or asynchronous fashion, as the designer prefers. Sequential access memories, practically speaking, can only use an asynchronous interface because synchronous transfers of data would always have to allow for the worst case access time, which may be extremely long. Thus, disk and tape drives never interface directly to the CPU, but rather connect indirectly through a drive controller. Because of their simplicity and flexibility in interfacing with a (synchronous) CPU, RAMs are preferred by system designers and are essential for main memory. However, the advantages of magnetic and optical disk memories in terms of cost, storage density, and nonvolatility ensure that sequential access memories will be used, at least in secondary storage applications, for quite some time to come.
Reliability-based analysis of highway geometric Elements: A systematic review
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2022
Abayomi Afolayan, Oladapo Abiola Samson, Said Easa, Funmilayo Modupe Alayaki, Olusegun Folorunso
The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Section 2 gives a brief concept on reliability, availability, maintainability, and safety (RAMS). The background theory on RBA methods in highway geometric design is reviewed in section 3. Some analytical methods are also explained, along with their advantages, disadvantages, assumptions, and application examples. Sections 4–5 presents the application of RBA to passing sight distance, stopping sight distance, intersection sight distance, vertical and horizontal curve design, number of freeway lanes, highway grade length, truck escape ramp, and design guide calibration with their respective limit-state functions. The features of various applications (organized from the previous to the latest) are outlined in table format. The table presents the geometric design area, analytical models used, and references. Software packages for reliability analysis are also presented in this section. Their features, limitations, main reliability methods, and applications examples are described. Section 6 presents the knowledge gained from the review, including the broad variety of analytical models used, the software packages used for reliability analysis, and the future applications of RBA in geometric element design. Section 7 presents concluding remarks.
Availability-based predictive maintenance scheduling for vibrating-grate biomass boilers
Published in Safety and Reliability, 2020
Mohammad Hosseini Rahdar, Fuzhan Nasiri, Bruno Lee
A conceptual scheme of methodology deployed in this paper is demonstrated in Figure 3. The asset components are delivered to Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to specify components failure modes, potential failure effects and their priority. The selected components are used in fault tree analysis and their relative failure data are gathered. In this article a RAMS + C approach is employed in order to address Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Supportability, and implicitly Cost factors correspondingly for the proposed asset. The proposed optimisation model provides us with optimal maintenance intervals and subsequently, the maintenance plan is assigned for expert judgement and final decision making.
A method for defence product major overhaul analysis focusing on interfaces redesign and extended life supportability
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Guilherme Eduardo da Cunha Barbosa, Gilberto Francisco Martha de Souza
Long life cycles of defence products reinforce the need for a more appropriate approach in terms of reliability, availability, maintainability and support (RAMS). The concept of RAMS engineering is explored in various papers, such as the references analysed in Saraswat and Yadava (2008). Its application in a new product development was exploited by Markeset and Kumar (2003), which presented an integrated model with risk management. Actually, the major overhaul can be considered as a good opportunity for critical review of any product, and its design can be oriented by RAMS parameters.