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Monitoring the Performance of Mine Site Reclamation
Published in Bruno Bussière, Marie Guittonny, Hard Rock Mine Reclamation, 2020
Bruno Bussière, Thomas Pabst, Vincent Boulanger-Martel, Marie Guittonny, Benoît Plante, Carmen Neculita, Sylvette Awoh, Mamert Mbonimpa, Isabelle Demers, Abdelkabir Maqsoud, Adrien Dimech, Pier-Luc Labonté-Raymond
A lysimeter is defined as a buried container exposed to the atmosphere that isolates a volume of soil and that allows for the measurement of water storage in the soil and the quantity and quality of percolation water (Muller 1996; Benson et al. 2001). Lysimeters are often used as part of the monitoring of engineering cover system to estimate the different components of the water balance, particularly water percolation (e.g., Swanson et al. 2003), and for sampling of the percolated water for an eventual water quality assessment (e.g., Aboukhaled et al. 1986; Swanson et al. 2003; Howel 2005). In contrast to the indirect methods using the other components of the water balance to deduct percolation rate, lysimetry provides a direct measurement. Two main types of lysimeter exist: volumetric lysimeter and weighing lysimeters.
Application of Natural and Artificial Isotopes in Groundwater Recharge Estimation
Published in M. Thangarajan, Vijay P. Singh, Groundwater Assessment, Modeling, and Management, 2016
Direct measurement of groundwater recharge is made in lysimeters installed at depth to limit the influence of surface processes including interception and surface runoff. A lysimeter is an instrument that measures the exchange of soil water (or groundwater) between a sample monolith of soil enclosed in an open-topped container and the unenclosed soil that surrounds it. Provided that the exposed surface and vegetation of the sample are typical of the immediate surroundings, the lysimeter can be used to infer the water exchange of the whole surrounding area of vegetation and soil. Usually, the water exchange that the instrument measures is a discharge because the input of precipitation to the soil surface exceeds the evapotranspiration from it; but this need not necessarily be so and the assumption of discharge is invalid in soils supplied with groundwater by adjacent springs and the like (Ingram et al., 2011). The discharge D is calculated from Equation 30.2: P-E-D-ΔW-η=0(30.2)
Soil water monitoring devices
Published in Neal Wilson, Soil Water and Ground Water Sampling, 2020
The term lysimeter has been used by soil scientists to refer to a basin filled with soil which is used to measure quantities of water taken up by plants, evaporated from the soil, and lost by deep percolation.1 The term has also been used in reference to devices that collect soil moisture, which should more properly be termed soil water samplers. The two major types of soil water samplers are vacuum and percolate types. There are advantages and disadvantages with both types, and which sampler to use depends on the objectives of the monitoring plan.
Evaluation of two irrigation scheduling methodologies for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in north-western mid-hills of India
Published in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2021
Arunava Poddar, Navsal Kumar, Vijay Shankar
Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in the field is determined from lysimeter set-up by conducting the water balance studies for different stages of the crop period. Fluxes such as subsurface flow and deep percolation are difficult to assess for short time periods; hence, soil water balance method usually gives ETc estimates over long time periods, of the order of week-long or 10-day periods (Allen et al. 1998; Tyagi et al. 2000; Ogorzalek et al. 2008; Feltrin et al. 2011; Choudhury et al. 2013). Drainage from the lysimeter represents the percolation to the groundwater table from the crop root zone and changes in soil moisture storage are measured using soil moisture sensors embedded at different depths of the root zone within lysimeter. Precipitation (P), irrigation (Ir) and the quantity of water drained off from the bottom of the lysimeter (Dr) are carefully measured. Runoff component is assumed to be insignificant because the height of rim of the lysimeter is above ground level. The ETc is computed using the following water balance equation: