China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Lighting Systems/Improved Efficiency
Published in Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo, Energy Conservation Guidebook, 2020
Dale R. Patrick, Stephen W. Fardo, Ray E. Richardson, Brian W. Fardo
The distribution of light output onto work surfaces must also be considered. The CU and the DF are used to find the total light output of a lighting system. A greater light output is required for larger areas. The light output to a work surface is expressed as lumens per square foot, or footcandles. A light meter may be used to measure the quantity of light that reaches a surface.
Lighting Systems
Published in Stephen W. Fardo, Dale R. Patrick, Electrical Power Systems Technology, 2020
Stephen W. Fardo, Dale R. Patrick
The distribution of light output onto work surfaces must also be considered. The CD and the DF are used to find the total light output of a lighting system. A greater light output is required for larger areas. The light output to a work surface is expressed as lumens per square foot, or footcandles. A light meter is used to measure the quantity of light that reaches a surface.
Energy Audits and Instrumentation
Published in Scott Dunning, Larry S. Katz, Energy Calculations & Problem Solving Sourcebook, 2020
Light Meter or Foot-Candle Meter—measures light intensity, the amount ofillumination the inside surface a one-foot-radius sphere would be receiving if there were a uniform point source of one candela in the exact center of the sphere.
Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 via sol-gel method for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic ofloxacin
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Kanza Mushtaq, Muhammad Saeed, Warda Gul, Mamoona Munir, Aswa Firdous, Tayyaba Yousaf, KhushBakhat Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan Sarwar, Muhammad Asad Riaz, Sara Zahid
Regarding as photo-degradation study, 0.01 g of synthesized material was immersed into 250 mL of Ofloxacin solution (20 mg/L) and placed at dark place with continuous stirring for 30 min to establish equilibrium. All sample with four different types of titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared by repeating the same procedure after 30 min of reaction under visible light irradiation using 100 W LED light with output of 40k Lux (Extech LT300 light meter). After every 30 min of irradiation, a sample was collected from reactor and measured absorbance value in UV-Vis spectrophotometer.
The disappearance of photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles formed on PET fabrics treated in a simultaneous hydrothermal-dyeing process
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Hui Zhang, Haijun Xue, Ningtao Mao
The self-cleaning performance was tested by observing the decoloration of MO dye stained on PET fabric. A certain size of 4 × 4 cm2 PET fabric was immersed in 100 mg/L of 50 mL MO aqueous solution at 15 °C for 10 min and dried at 80 °C. The dipping was repeated for three times. The stained PET fabric was then irradiated by a 500 W metal halide lamp, which was simulated to sunlight with an illumination of 6.0 × 103 lux determined by a TES-1332 digital light meter. The optical pictures were photographed using a Samsung ST700 digital camera every hour.
Artificial lights with different spectra do not alter detrimental attraction of young Chinook salmon and sockeye salmon along lake shorelines
Published in Lake and Reservoir Management, 2021
Roger A. Tabor, Elizabeth K. Perkin, David A. Beauchamp, Lyle L. Britt, Rebecca Haehn, John Green, Tim Robinson, Scott Stolnack, Daniel W. Lantz, Zachary J. Moore
To focus light within each experimental unit, each light source was mounted in a 40 × 30 × 20 cm metal box with an open bottom (Figure 2). The inside of the box was lined with white foam board to allow for a more even distribution of light. The light source was mounted on one side of the box, and a piece of foam board was added directly over the light source and covered approximately half of the box. This kept the light from shining directly on the water and allowed for a more even distribution of light. Each light source was mounted on the upper part of a 2 m post placed along the shoreline in the middle of the experimental unit (Figure 2). Prior to beginning experiments, each light source was adjusted under similar conditions (i.e., 2 m post height) in a dark room and the proper light intensity level (20 lux at the floor) was marked on the dimmer switch. Desired light intensity (20 lux) was chosen based on a previous survey of peak ALAN of southern Lake Washington (Tabor R, unpubl. data). Moreover, reaction distances of predatory salmonids to juvenile salmonids decline rapidly as light intensities fall below 20 lux (Mazur and Beauchamp 2003, Hansen et al. 2013). Light intensities were also measured in the field with an Extech Instruments light meter (model 401036) to ensure that the desired light intensity of 20 lux at the water surface was achieved. A small generator (Honda 1000 EU) was used to power the lights. This generator model is relatively quiet (42–50 dB) with minimal vibration. We placed the generator upland between 2 experimental units and assumed the generator’s sound/vibration did not have a confounding effect on our results. The illuminated areas extended approximately 4 m along the shore and 5 m offshore (Figure 2), with the highest light intensities in the center of the experimental unit and 2 m offshore. The lighted area extended out to water depth of ∼0.8 m and the maximum light intensity levels occurred where the water depth was ∼0.3 m.