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Efficient and Effective Lighting Design
Published in Scott C. Dunning, Albert Thumann, Efficient Lighting Applications and Case Studies, 2020
Illumination is measured using the foot-candle or lux. The definite of a foot-candle is the light level falling on a 1 ft2 surface one foot away from a standard candle. General illumination levels are specified by design objectives. The Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) produces guidelines for suitable illumination levels dependent upon the environment and activity to be performed. In particular, the Lighting Handbook produced by IES is an excellent reference. The reader is encouraged to review this helpful document.
Lighting Fundamentals, Lighting Equipment, and Systems
Published in Radian Belu, Building Electrical Systems and Distribution Networks, 2020
Illuminance describes the quantity of luminous flux falling on a surface and its unit is Lux (lx). The light quantity is expressed, in engineering calculations, in terms of average number of lumens per unit of area. In the British system, the quantity of light is expressed in foot-candles (fc), with 1 foot-candle being equal to 1 lumen per square foot, while in the SI system, the light quantity is measured in lux (lx), where 1 lux is equal to 1 lumen per square meter. Note that the conversion relation between foot-candle and lux is: 1 foot-candle = 10.764 lux.
Repository and interpretation
Published in Michael O’Byrne, Bidisha Ghosh, Franck Schoefs, Vikram Pakrashi, Image-Based Damage Assessment for Underwater Inspections, 2019
Bidisha Ghosh, Michael O’Byrne, Franck Schoefs, Vikram Pakrashi
Lighting also plays a pivotal role in achieving good visibility. Ambient light may be sufficient for near-surface inspections; however, it is unlikely to be sufficient at greater depths at which point artificial light will become necessary. Three light levels were used: 100 lux, 1000 lux, 10000 lux. To put this in perspective, the approximate level of light, or illuminance, on a very dark overcast day is 100 lux, a moderately overcast day is 1000 lux, and full daylight (not direct sunlight) is 10,000–25,000 lux (Schlyter, 2009). The lux is the SI unit of illuminance that measures the intensity of light that strikes a surface, as perceived by the human eye. The illuminance can be measured using a lux meter. A specimen from each section of the repository is shown under varying lighting and turbidity levels in Figures 8.5–8.7.
An underwater lighting and turbidity image repository for analysing the performance of image-based non-destructive techniques
Published in Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2018
Michael O’Byrne, Franck Schoefs, Vikram Pakrashi, Bidisha Ghosh
Lighting also plays a pivotal role for achieving good visibility. Ambient light may be sufficient for near-surface inspections; however, it is unlikely to be sufficient at greater depths at which point artificial light will become necessary. Three light levels were used: 100 lux, 1000 lux, 10,000 lux. To put this in perspective, the approximate level of light, or illuminance, on a very dark overcast day is 100 lux, a moderately overcast day is 1000 lux, and full daylight (not direct sunlight) is 10,000–25,000 lux (Schlyter, 2009). The lux is the SI unit of illuminance that measures the intensity of light that strikes a surface, as perceived by the human eye. It is similar to irradiance, which has units of watts per square metre, but with the power at each wavelength weighted according to a standardised luminosity function that is based on a model of human visual brightness perception. The illuminance can be measured using a lux meter, which are readily available and portable. A specimen from each section of the repository is shown under varying lighting and turbidity levels in Figures 5–7.
Performance evaluation of textile materials for lightweight envelopes in minor sports facilities and their impact on indoor comfort
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2021
Aldina Silvestri, Nicolò Paraciani, Teresa Villani
A detector to assess indoor air quality via the measurement of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Particulate Matter (PM2.5) levels. This instrument also detected temperature and relative humidity.An anemometer with a propeller probe to measure air speed.A lux meter with photometric probe to measure the level of indoor illuminance (lighting).An acoustic level meter to record indoor noise levels.
BIM in architecture curriculum: a case study
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2018
The day-lighting performance depends on the date and time, sky conditions and design. Consequentially, day-lighting analysis in conceptual designing phases would provide initial results to the designer. Illuminance rendering for representative times is a method to visualize the performance of a space for day lighting. For example, LEED day-lighting credit 8.1 requires 75% of regularly occupied spaces to have daylight illuminance values between 10 and 500 foot-candles under clear-sky conditions on September 21 at 9 am and 3 pm, (LEED 2017). Illuminance is measured in lux or foot-candles; 1 foot-candle equals 10.7 lux.