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Process Excellence
Published in James William Martin, Operational Excellence, 2021
Complicating process design is the fact that product and services have specific delivery systems. These are based on available technology and cost. Figure 5.3 shows four types of production systems. These are job shops, batch operations, assembly operations, and continuous operations. It classifies these four systems into dimensions of volume, variety, and their operational flexibility. A job shop production system is characterized by operations performed by dedicated machines and highly trained people. Products and services moving through a job shop require unique sequencing and combinations of work operations. Job shops can produce a diverse range of products and services. An example would be visiting a hospital and being moved from department to department based on the type of medical service being received from the system. Another example would be the manufacture of a customized product that requires several machine setups specifically for the work. Unless the underlying product or service design has been highly standardized using DFM and related methods, customized products or services must be produced using a process based on a job shop design.
ISO-9000 Requirements
Published in Michael B. Weinstein, Total Quality Safety Management and Auting, 2018
In-process inspections ensure conformity at appropriate process points. In-process inspections include: set-up and first piece inspections, inspection or test by machine operator, automatic inspection or test, fixed inspection stations throughout the process, and patrol inspections by inspectors monitoring specified operations. In a job shop environment, in-process inspection ensures that proper drawings or procedures are used and that qualified individuals do the work. In an assembly line environment, sampling or check inspections are performed to verify the process capability. Final inspections ensure conformity of the finished product. Final inspections focus on the product or on the process and include acceptance inspections or tests, such as screening and lot sampling or product quality auditing of representative units. Final inspection verifies that all receipt and in-process inspections have been accomplished, all fmal tests or inspections completed, and material is not shipped unless everything checks out satisfactorily
Understanding production activities
Published in Mike Tooley, Engineering Technologies Level 3, 2017
A significant advantage of job shop production is that it allows for a high degree of customization. Because of this, manufacturers can charge premium prices for their products but the downside is that, due the high cost, the market may be rather limited. However, job shop production is inherently flexible and a wide range of different processes are usually available. A significant disadvantage of job shop production is that resources such as machine tools and other manufacturing equipment may only be used on an intermittent basis and, for that reason, it may be difficult to justify the initial capital investment. Staff with specialized skills may also be under-utilized and, because of this, those working in a job shop environment should ideally be multi-skilled and be familiar with a wide range of different processes.
Anarchic manufacturing
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2019
Andrew Ma, Aydin Nassehi, Chris Snider
RMS utilises reconfigurable and modular elements to significantly reduce ramp-up time whilst maintaining reliability (Koren, Wang, and Gu 2017). Koren et al. (1999) compares dedicated manufacturing lines, FMS and RMS show their relative limitations and benefits, additionally the enabling technologies and improvements for RMS are discussed. The most significant of these is the coupling of open-architecture reconfigurable controllers. For the flexibility and responsiveness benefits of RMS to be realised, improvements in interrelated technologies and design for reconfigurability are required. Job shops are typically highly flexible small manufacturers of one-offs or small batches, not necessarily constrained to individual MTs.
The evolution of production systems from Industry 2.0 through Industry 4.0
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2018
Yong Yin, Kathryn E. Stecke, Dongni Li
Mass and TPS assembly lines assemble final products. The parts and components of products are usually produced using job shops and/or cells and/or FMSs, in which the part variety is usually higher than the final assembled product variety. A job shop tends to manufacture small lots of a variety of parts. Most parts in a job shop require a long set-up time between each operation and a process sequence of machines. A job shop is created by locating similar machines together, resulting in a functional layout. For example, drilling machines are usually contained in one area and grinding machines in another area. In a job shop, flexibility is high and efficiency is low.
Hybrid make-to-stock and make-to-order systems: a taxonomic review
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Job shop production is synonymous with the production of highly customised products made in small volumes. Many types of industries fall under this umbrella, resulting in contributions from many different perspectives. Specifically, hybrid production control has been applied in the context of semiconductor device, bicycle messenger bag, laptop assembly, agricultural machinery, load lifter, wood industry product, machine tool, and injection mould production.