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Surface Treatment of Natural Fibers (Chemical Treatment)
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Different areca fiber loading (40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%) is used for preparation of composites by a heat press machine. Composites of these fibers are used in lightweight applications. Zhu 2015 discussed untreated flax fiber has different properties from treated ones, so three different methods are used to improve the properties of flax fiber for the reinforcement of composites. Alkali, silane, and esterification methods are used for surface treatment. FTIR and thermal test are used for the comparison between untreated and treated ones and concluded that esterification gives better tensile strength. Chemical treatment increases adhesion between fiber and a matrix, resulting in an increase in mechanical properties. Surface treatment of Acacia tortilis fiber increases the mechanical properties. The application of this fiber acts as a green composites (Dawit et al., 2019).
Aesthetics in fashion design and cultural studies
Published in Gianni Montagna, Cristina Carvalho, Textiles, Identity and Innovation: In Touch, 2020
An example of an important fashion design is Pleats Please, by Issey Miyake (Figure 1). This is elegant fashion design is based on the late 1980s, when he began to experiment with new methods of pleating that would allow both flexibility of movement for the wearer as well as ease of care and production. In which the garments are cut and sewn first, then sandwiched between layers of paper and fed into a heat press, where they are pleated. The fabric’s ‘memory’ holds the pleats and when the garments are liberated from their paper cocoon, they are ready-to wear (Figure 2, 3). On 2014, he receive the XXIII Premio Compasso d’Oro ADI (Industrial Design award originated in Italy in 1954). The question, then, is how the world of (designed) objects in general influences the modality of the experiencing subject (Kitamura, 2012).
Biosensor Technology
Published in Grinberg Nelu, Rodriguez Sonia, Ewing’s Analytical Instrumentation Handbook, Fourth Edition, 2019
Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden, Jacobus Frederick van Staden, Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
A layer-after-layer approach can be used for the construction of a long-life electrode (Stefan et al., 2001). The enzyme electrode is designed by arranging the three components of the biosensor (electrode material, enzyme, and stabilizer) on a shapeable electroconductive (SEC) film surface. First, a thin and compact Pt black layer is prepared on the SEC film by the heat-press method. Then, an ultrathin layer of enzyme is cast on the platinized SEC film, and after it is dried, a thin gelatin layer is prepared on the enzyme-cast SEC film. Finally, the dried layer assembly is cross-linked by exposing it to a diluted glutaraldehyde solution for a very short time. This design assures a working time of 2 months, 2 years’ storage time in the freezer, and 1 year’s storage time at room temperature.
Fabricating Boron-Doped Nanowires
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2023
K. Dale, N. Vargas, A. Jara, E. Marin, G. Lovelace, N. Langley, J. Williams, T. Reuter, C. Kong, C. Monton, N. Alexander, M. Farrell, W. Sweet
During heat pressing, a low enough temperature must be used to prevent bubbling in the doped polymer, but the temperature must be high enough for the polymer to flow readily into the AAO template. Two temperatures were investigated before any polymer injections into the AAO template were carried out. At each temperature, the 2-mm polymer squares were heat pressed to a thickness of 0.3145 mm and inspected afterward for air bubbles. The flow of the material was measured by comparing the diameter of the material before and after the heat press (Fig. 4). The temperature that resulted in the greatest flow of polymer (largest diameter expansion) but no bubbling was selected for all future heat presses. This process was carried out for polymers of each boron composition (2.85, 5.36, and 7.33 at. % boron). The pure boron (4 at. %) was tested at only one temperature.
Strength prediction of adhesively bonded single lap joints with the eXtended Finite Element Method
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2019
O. Völkerink, J. Kosmann, M. J. Schollerer, D. Holzhüter, C. Hühne
The geometry of the TAST specimen is represented in Figure 1 and was chosen according to ASTM D 5656.[27] First, the aluminium plates with a thickness of 10 mm were sandblasted with white corundum (grain number F180) and then cleaned with acetone and isopropyl alcohol. After the surface preparation, the adhesive film was applied and the bonded aluminium plates were vacuum bagged for one hour. For an adhesive bondline thickness of mm one layer of adhesive film and for a thickness of mm two layers were used. The curing of the adhesive was performed in a heat press with temperature and pressure according to the data sheet of the adhesive[28] in an evacuated press chamber. After curing, the plates were cut in strips with a band saw and the final specimen geometry including the two holes were machined with a CNC mill.
Wood mechanical densification: a review on processing
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
Yu Luan, Chang-Hua Fang, Yi-Fan Ma, Ben-Hua Fei
Besides the above processes, the viscoelastic thermal compression (VTC) is also a typical AS densification process. Equipment of VTC process is a closed heat press that integrates dynamic heat, steam, and mechanical compression schedule. The apparatus is mainly comprised of lid, bellows and internal press (Fig. 9). The internal press is used for supporting and compressing wood, and can be controlled for heating and cooling independently.[84] In this process, wood is softened by high temperature and saturated steam. After the wood is sufficiently softened, the steam pressure is released. Then the wood is compressed immediately, and platens are heated to a higher temperature. In the last step, wood is cooled under compression.[85–88] Because wood is in a hygro-thermal closed environment, the wood can be softened at lower temperature, which can save energy and avoid the negative effect of excessive temperature on wood mechanical properties. In addition, the whole process of VTC can be completed in about 20 minutes, which makes the production process efficient. Kutnar et al.[78,89,90] found that the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of wood were improved by 37%-129% and 32%-102% after 37.5%-58.3% densification by VTC treatment, and the deformation recovery after five soaking-drying cycles was only about 8%. And due to the short time and moderate temperature of VTC, the loss of wood quality was small. In addition, the microscopic observation revealed VTC can densify the wood on the premise of ensuring that the cell wall is not destroyed.