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Materials
Published in Ansel C. Ugural, Mechanical Engineering Design, 2022
Case hardening or carburizing: A process where the surface layer (or case) is made substantially harder than the metal’s interior core. This is done by increasing the carbon content at the surface. Surface hardening by any appropriate method is a desirable hardening treatment for various applications. Some of the more useful case-hardening processes are carburizing, nitriding, cyaniding, induction hardening, and flame hardening. In the induction-hardening process, a metal is quickly heated by an induction coil followed by quenching in oil.
Materials for motorcycles
Published in Andrew Livesey, Motorcycle Engineering, 2021
Low-carbon steel is soft, ductile, and malleable and therefore can be easily formed into shape. It cannot be hardened and tempered by heating and quenching, but it can be case-hardened and it will work-harden. Case-hardening is a process of coating the surface of the steel component with a high-carbon content chemical and heating it to a set temperature. When the component cools, the surface is hard like high-carbon steel and the underside remains soft and malleable. This process is used on hub bearing surfaces. If you look at a hub cone closely, you will be able to see the different colors of the metal. The advantages of this are that the axle and cones can be made of low-carbon steel, which is both easier to machine and cheaper to buy, and then given a wear-resistant surface for the bearing.
Materials for bicycles
Published in Andrew Livesey, Bicycle Engineering and Technology, 2020
Low carbon steel is soft, ductile and malleable and, therefore, can be easily formed into shape. It cannot be hardened and tempered by heating and quenching; but it can be case-hardened and it will work harden. Case-hardening is a process of coating the surface of the steel component with a high carbon content chemical and heating to a set temperature. When the component cools, the surface is hard like high carbon steel and the underside remains soft and malleable. This process is used on hub bearing surfaces; if you look at a hub cone closely, you will be able to see the different colours of the metal. The advantages of this are that the axle and cones can be made of low carbon steel, which is both easier to machine and cheaper to buy and then giving a wear resistant surface for the bearing.
Analysis of subsurface defects occurrence in abrasion resistant Creusabro steel after WEDM including the study of morphology and surface topography
Published in Machining Science and Technology, 2020
K. Mouralova, T. Prokes, L. Benes, P. Sliwkova
Experiment samples shown in Figure 1a were made of the abrasion-resistant steel Creusabro 4800 with a chemical composition according to the standard in weight per cent of 0.2% C, 1.9% Cr, 1.6% Mn, 0.4% Mo, 0.2% Ni, 0.2% Ti, max 0.005% S, max 0.018% P, Fe - balance. This steel was thermomechanically rolled with a controlled cooling rate and has a hardness of 400 HB. It is capable of withstanding both static and dynamic stress, friction and impulse abrasion, and its high thermal resistance allows the usage even in environments where the temperature reaches up to 350 °C. Creusabro has a low thermal conductivity. Steel is well weldable and machinable, its tensile strength is 1,200 MPa and a yield strength is 900 MPa. It has the capability of high deformation hardening, an excellent wear resistance and a TRIP effect (Transformation Induced by Plasticity). Due to its unusual mechanical properties, it is used in mining, logging, foundry, cement and agricultural industries. Its fine-grained homogeneous martensitic-bainitic structure containing titanium, molybdenum and chromium carbides is shown in Figure 1b. For the experiment, an 8 mm-thick prism semi-product was used, each sample having a cut length of 3 mm.
Manufacturability evaluation: a CFD approach for Jominy hardenability test
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2018
In the manufacturing of various high-performance components and products (cutting tools, dies and molds, automotive parts, etc.) by methods such as machining, casting, and extrusion, heat treatment is a critical final operation. It can include different techniques such as annealing, hardening, tempering, case hardening, precipitation strengthening, and age hardening. These heat treatment processes can be used to modify the engineering properties of structural and other engineering components so that they can operate satisfactorily and have a good service life. Though heat treatment is basically a method for strengthening (or hardening) of materials, it can also be employed to improve other mechanical properties such as formability, machinability, weldability, and other aspects related to product quality and performance [1].