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Introduction to Bulk Firing Techniques
Published in David A. Cardwell, David C. Larbalestier, Aleksander I. Braginski, Handbook of Superconductivity, 2023
Mark O. Rikel, Frank N. Werfel
The usual goal of powder preprocessing is to maintain narrow FV(d) in the micrometer or sub-micrometer range. This is best achieved during material synthesis, in particular using vapor phase reactions or wet chemical techniques. For the bulk (e.g., after melt casting or solid-state synthesis) materials, milling is used for controlling the particle size. There are variety of milling techniques that differ in the material comminution principles including high compression roller mills, jet mills, ball mills of various kinds.
Simulation of Powders and Particles in Dry and Wet Phases
Published in Ko Higashitani, Hisao Makino, Shuji Matsusaka, Powder Technology Handbook, 2019
Junya Kano, Jusuke Hidaka, Mikio Sakai, Yutaka Tsuji, Mojtaba Ghadiri, Tina Bonakdar, Sadegh Nadimi, Kenji Iimura, Ko Higashitani, Ryoichi Yamamoto
Comminution is one of the important unit operations in size reduction of solid particles to produce fine powder, and it has been carried out in many fields of industries. Grinding operations can be done by using several types of media mills such as tumbling, vibration, planetary, and stirred mills.
Particle Management
Published in Debasish Sarkar, Ceramic Processing, 2019
Crushing and grinding are the basic comminution processes to reduce coarse mineral ore or calcined raw materials by four to nine times through impact by a harder material as compared to feed. The basic purpose is to reduce the particle size in different gradients in order to obtain a proper mixing for adequate packing and reactivity during the final stage of processing. In terms of size reduction, coarse range is termed crushing and fine range is grinding. Before the period of the First Industrial Revolution, muscle power was employed for this purpose, but with the advancement of technology, several industrial-scale instruments have been developed as per required feed and output size. Detailed information about different types of crushers available with their particle hardness and size reduction ratio is given in Table 2.1.
Exploratory investigation on the use of low-cost alternative media for ultrafine grinding of coal
Published in International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 2022
Qingqing Huang, Aaron Noble, Deniz Talan
Comminution is one of the most critical unit operations in mineral processing and coal preparation, as size reduction is often needed to achieve liberation prior to concentration (King 1994; Valery and Jankovic 2002). While many modern coal preparation flowsheets do not directly employ fine grinding (Noble and Luttrell 2015), several state-of-the-art technologies seek to utilize extremely high purity coal in high value carbon products and other value-added end uses. This high purity coal product often requires extremely fine grinding to achieve the liberation needed for efficient separation. For example, ARQ has recently developed a process whereby a 99% pure hydrocarbon is produced from a coal refuse after grinding to a 3 micron mean size. The high purity carbon product is then sold as an oil fuel additive for marine or other markets (Snaith and Unsworth 2017). In another example, ultrafine pure carbon is commonly used for the synthesis and production of various carbon nanotubes and nanomaterials (Moothi et al. 2012; Qiu et al. 2004, 2002). Lastly, Huang et al. (2018) has shown that ultrafine grinding can release rare earth minerals from coal refuse permitting subsequent concentration and recovery.
Aerosol Collector Addition in Coarse Particle Flotation – A Review
Published in Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 2022
Candice Brill, I. Verster, G. V. Franks, L. Forbes
In minerals processing operations, comminution consumes an enormous amount of energy. Approximately 2% to 4% of global electricity usage, with <10% efficiency (Hassanzadeh 2018) is spent to reduce ore to a size (<200 µm) at which it is ‘floatable’ in a conventional flotation cell. Developments in comminution technology have done much to improve energy efficiency. Examples include the various ultrafine grinding mills and high pressure grinding rolls, that more efficiently transfer electrical energy into particle breakage compared to conventional comminution equipment such as tumbling mills (Fuerstenau and Vazquez-Favela 1997). But, a significant step reduction in energy consumed for comminution can most simply be achieved by floating ore at coarser particle sizes thereby rejecting coarse waste upfront (Tabosa et al. 2013).
Fractal dimension of crushing products: effects of feed size distribution and feed rate
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2021
Operations of comminution are very energy consuming and aim to produce the feed required for the next grinding stage while achieving the intended feed size distribution in a maximum possible amount of the material by spending a minimum possible amount of energy. For this purpose, parameters, such as feed rate, feed size distribution, and mode of crushing (jaw, cone, and roll crushers), were investigated by crushing the ore sample as described in Section 2.1. Regarding the fact that only materials smaller than 2 mm can enter the milling stage, a 2 mm screen was considered as the target one. The amount of the material passing through this screen was measured for each product to determine the feed that produces the highest amount of material for the next stage. The results obtained for the crushing operations of jaw, cone, and roll crushers are presented separately in the following: