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What are architectural lighting systems?
Published in Samuel L. Hurt, Building Systems in Interior Design, 2017
“Basket” troffer, also known as recessed indirect troffers: These are available in 12″ and 24″ widths, and 24″ and 48″ lengths. The purpose of these luminaires is to reduce the cave effect without going to fully lensed luminaires (which are considered highly unattractive, even though they are actually quite effective). In the original design, the basket was below the main luminaire housing, or below the ceiling, which provides a better result because it reduces the brightness on the reflectors in the top of the luminaire housing. But such a design is costly to manufacture and ship and the “basket” soon moved up into the main luminaire housing. In recent years, a new generation has been developed with added lenses to reduce the brightness (the brightness of the reflectors in basic basket troffers is actually higher than the brightness of prismatic lenses; even though this actually increases glare, most people seem to prefer the look of basket troffers to lensed troffers). The most common luminaire basket troffer is a 2′ × 4′ luminaire with three lamps (F32T8/735) with a perforated basket to provide minimal direct downlight and a single ballast. All other options—T5 lamps, different baskets, multiple ballasts, etc.—add costs. There are two reasons not to use these luminaires. First, they usually have moderate efficiency (50–70%), and second, they tend to collect dirt and trash in the open baskets. It is quite common to put two ballasts into a 3-lamp luminaire to enable 1-lamp, 2-lamp, and 3-lamp operation, from two switches. Available variations include 1-sided basket, 2-sided baskets, and 4-sided baskets. True basket troffers are not available with LEDs but LED luminaires that appear to be lensed-indirect troffers are quite common.
Traveling Water Screens
Published in Tom M. Pankratz, Screening Equipment Handbook, 2017
The strength, rigidity, and durability of the nonmetallic baskets currently available may vary dramatically among manufacturers. Manufacturers should be consulted regarding the specific performance characteristics of their nonmetallic baskets, especially their ability to withstand the design differential headloss conditions and the resulting flexural stresses encountered in screening operation.
Food Refrigeration Aspects
Published in Mohammed M. Farid, Mathematical Modeling of Food Processing, 2010
Bins, boxes, crates, trays, lugs, baskets, and bags are considered shipping containers. Baskets however, are difficult to handle in mixed loads of rectangular boxes. Bags only provide limited product protection. Fiberboard box is the most widely used container.
Estimation of Waste Package Inventories and Characteristics from Different Advanced Fuel Cycles
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2023
Milos I. Atz, Massimiliano Fratoni
Electrochemical separations, such as pyroprocessing, involve an electrorefining operation that separates actinides and fission products. The process has been demonstrated during the U.S. fast reactor program and is being applied at the Fuel Conditioning Facility at Idaho National Laboratory for treatment of the EBR-II spent fuel. In the electrorefiner, an electrical current is passed through a chloride salt bath in which uranium is already present. Spent fuel is chopped and lowered into the salt bath in a metal basket. Elements are partitioned between the salt and metal phases in the electrorefiner based on their stability in a chloride salt. The metal basket acts as the anode, and multiple types of cathodes can be used to recover different elements that are electrotransported through the salt. A solid steel cathode collects pure uranium, while uranium, transuranics (TRU), and rare earth elements may be recovered in a liquid cadmium cathode.15
Study on the Influence of the Mechanical Crushing Process on Low-Temperature Oxidation Characteristics of Coal Samples
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2022
Wanshu Hao, Shujie Yuan, Jinhu Li, Xiaoxue Xu, Jingjuan Geng
The cross-point temperature (CPT) is an important index to determine the tendency to spontaneous combustion of coal. The metal mesh basket method (Cai et al. 2020) was used to measure the cross-point temperature of coal samples with different particle sizes. In this experiment, the programmed heating oven (as shown in Figure 1) was used to test the cross-point temperature. The basket is a 5 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm cubic metal bracket with metal nets of diameter 0.05 mm. Put the coal sample in a metal mesh basket for the programmed heating experiment. To monitor CPT accurately, two K-type thermocouples with an accuracy of 0.1℃ were arranged respectively at the geometric center of the coal sample at 1 cm from the center at the same height level. The heating rate was controlled at 0.5℃/min, and the data acquisition system was started. Every 10s, the temperature measured by the two sensors was automatically recorded, and the cross-point temperatures of coal samples with different particle sizes were obtained, respectively.
Application of textile fibres from tire recycling in asphalt mixtures
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
Jorge C. Pais, Caio R. G. Santos, Davide Lo Presti
Asphalt binder stabilisation was assessed by the mesh-basket draindown test using the methodology proposed in (Chen & Xu, 2010) using 10% of fibre by mass of asphalt binder. A sample weighing 40 g was uniformly placed on a steel mesh basket with a sieve of 0.25 mm and maintained at 25°C for 2 h. Afterward, the basket is heated in an environmental chamber under high temperatures, and some asphalt binder would melt, flow, and drops out under the heating effect. The methodology proposes the use of three temperatures (130, 140 and 170°C), however 170°C was not used because it exceeds the mixing temperature for used asphalt. The sample weight was measured at 30-min intervals to determine the weight loss of the asphalt binder. Less asphalt binder flow indicates the more significant effect of the fibre for absorbing and stabilising asphalt binder. The mesh-basket draindown test results are presented in Table 3, as well as reference values obtained by (Chen & Xu, 2010)for polyester fibres. Compared to polyester fibres, textile fibre from recycled tires, asphalt separation is at least nine times lesser at 130°C and three times lesser at 140°C. Thus, the recycled textile tire fibres showed low asphalt binder drop and separation for both temperatures, indicating high asphalt binder absorption and stabilisation.