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Space Syntax
Published in Claudia Yamu, Alenka Poplin, Oswald Devisch, Gert de Roo, The Virtual and the Real in Planning and Urban Design, 2017
Akkelies van Nes, Claudia Yamu
Angular analysis is essentially an extension of visibility graph analysis and axial analysis (Turner 2001, p. 30.1). Here the axial map is broken up into segments, from junction to junction. What the angular analysis adds to the various integration analyses is that each segment line is weighted by the angle of its connections to other segment lines, as shown in the example of angular integration analysis in Figure 7.1.
Quantifying Jacobs’ notion of ‘eyes upon the street’ in 3-dimensions
Published in Journal of Urban Design, 2020
Architects, planners, and geoscientists streamlined the study of visibility by introducing subjective quantitative measures for analysis of visibility. Isovist, viewshed, visibility graph analysis (VGA), and line of sight analysis are among the dominant techniques of visibility studies. Coined by Tandy (1967), isovist is defined as “the set of all points visible from a given vantage point in space and with respect to an environment” (Benedikt 1979, 47). The shape, size, and measures of an isovist alter with observers’ position and change of position in space. Benedikt (1979) proposed that understanding spatial configurations may demand a series of isovists and thereby the notion of isovist was expanded to include isovist fields (Benedikt 1979; Davis and Benedikt 1979). Davis and Benedikt hypothesized that isovist measures do not only afford an avenue for strategic design of architectural or urban layouts but also shed light on the study of human experiences in space.
Linking building-circulation typology and wayfinding: design, spatial analysis, and anticipated wayfinding difficulty of circulation types
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2020
Asya Natapov, Saskia Kuliga, Ruth Conroy Dalton, Christoph Hölscher
To evaluate newly created spatial layouts, we use the space syntax technique, which originally emerged in the field of architecture (Hillier and Hanson 1984). The space syntax axial map, convex map, and visibility graph are related to the visual accessibility of the layout. The axial map is built from unrestricted lines of sight, and the equivalent axial description of the building consists of the fewest and longest lines of sight that pass through every space. The convex map consists of space as a discrete spatial unit, of which the bounding polygon contains no reflex-angled internal corners. Therefore, all points within such a space are visible from all others (Hillier and Hanson 1984). Visibility graph analysis (VGA) imposes a grid of points on the plan of a building and extracts visibility relationships between the points that are analyzed as a graph, using each point as a node and mutual visibility as links (Turner 2001; Turner and Penn 1999). Generally, any architectural feature that reduces the clarity and complexity of the layout could discourage wayfinding, but this is only the case for a subset of space syntax measures identified in the wayfinding literature as establishing direct connections (Haq and Zimring 2003; Hölscher et al. 2006).