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Impact of introducing longer and heavier vehicles on the bearing capacity of pavement subgrades
Published in Inge Hoff, Helge Mork, Rabbira Saba, Eleventh International Conference on the Bearing Capacity of Roads, Railways and Airfields, Volume 1, 2021
Recent trends show that longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) benefit the economy and the environment by reducing fuel consumption and the costs of road freight transport (Leduc, 2009, Gleave et al., 2013). Historically, LHVs have been permitted to operate in Sweden. Since 1996 and as of the beginning of 2015, the maximum gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 60 tons and a length of up to 25.25 m have been permitted. In 2015, the GVW was increased to 64 tons. In 2018, the Swedish Transport Agency decided to further increase the maximum GVW to 74 tons on parts of the road network. It will probably be allowed on the entire road network if studies and experience indicate positive impact of the LHVs on traffic safety, economy and the infrastructure (Saliko and Erlingsson, 2021). Furthermore, a special permission has been granted to an iron ore producer in Northern Sweden to transport the ore using 25 m long LHVs having a gross weight of 90 tons on a road linking the mining site to the nearby train station (Erlingsson and Carlsson, 2014). Within the European Union (EU), however, the maximum permissible gross vehicle weight is 40 tons except that intermodal transports using 40-foot containers are allowed a maximum weight of 44 tons (Directive 96/53/EC) (Žnidarič, 2015).
Vehicle Data Sources for the Accident Reconstructionist
Published in Donald E. Struble, John D. Struble, Automotive Accident Reconstruction, 2020
Donald E. Struble, John D. Struble
Curb Weight: The vehicle weight in the drive-away condition (i.e., idling at the curb), filled to at least 90% capacity with fuel, lubricants, and coolants, and with all standard equipment, but without passengers or cargo.
Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
Published in Ali Emadi, Handbook of Automotive Power Electronics and Motor Drives, 2017
Environmental concerns are the impetus behind development of low-emission and fuel-efficient internal combustion engines (ICEs). Thus, there is room for considerable improvement for a large portion of vehicles in the market. Reduction of vehicle weight through use of lighter materials helps increase fuel efficiency. Greater modularity of engine
Economic benefits of load volume scanning of underground mining trucks
Published in CIM Journal, 2023
Perhaps the oldest means of weighing payloads is using truck weighbridge scales. Weighbridges can be installed temporarily or permanently in part of the haul route outside the portal. They measure gross vehicle weight and then subtract empty vehicle weight to derive payload mass. Measurement requires physical contact between the truck and the weigh scale. Weights are derived via measurement of either hydraulic fluid pressure or beam deflection (the latter with strain gauges). The systems are very adept at measuring variance in payload distribution. However, trucks must come to a halt to measure truck load, which can add up to 30 s to cycle times. This delay is a further disincentive to monitor for residual carry back in tubs as empty trucks head back into the mine. Strain gauge and pressure measurement instrumentation also require frequent recalibration. A final drawback is the overhead associated with maintaining moving mechanical parts.
A High-Assay Low-Enriched Uranium Fuel Transportation Concept
Published in Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2021
Elmar Eidelpes, Brian M. Hom, Robert A. Hall, Harold E. Adkins, Josh J. Jarrell
As shown in Sec. III.B, the computed radiation levels of the proposed array of five packages meet the 10 CFR 71.47 thresholds for a non-exclusive-use conveyance configuration, allowing transportation of at least five packages on a single LWT. Current U.S. regulations limit the gross vehicle weight of an LWT to 36 287 kg (80 000 lb). Trucks with a gross weight below this threshold do not require a special overweight permit.36 The payload of a five-axle, semi-trailer, 36 287-kg (80 000-lb) LWT can be roughly estimated as 22 679.6 kg (50 000 lb), which should be enough capacity to transport five fully loaded OPTIMUS-L packages with a total weight of 18 940 kg (41 755.5 lb) plus accompanying pallets and tie-down equipment.