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Parallel Architectures
Published in Pranabananda Chakraborty, Computer Organisation and Architecture, 2020
The entire system can be operated with one or more physical partitions. Each partition consists of a control processor, a handful of processing nodes, and dedicated portions of the data and control networks. Each user process is executed on a single partition under the supervision of a control processor which acts as a partition manager to manage the traffic in that partition. UNIX time-sharingOS has been used that allows multiple users to access any partition with no conflicts. Any process on any partition can access any I/O device, and this access will not create any hindrance in accessing other devices at the same time. I/O services and access to shared I/O resources, access to other partitions, and access to diagnostic network are all privileged functions that can be carried out by executing appropriate system calls. Interprocessor communication is handled by the mechanisms which can be broadly classified into four categories: replication, reduction, permutation, and parallel prefix.
Media Transport Protocol and Media Negotiation
Published in Radhika Ranjan Roy, Handbook on Session Initiation Protocol, 2018
The first and second subfields give the start and stop times, respectively, for the session. These values are the decimal representation of NTP time values in seconds since 1900 (RFC 1305). To convert these values to UNIX time, subtract decimal 2208988800. NTP time stamps are elsewhere represented by 64-bit values, which wrap sometime in the year 2036. Since SDP uses an arbitrary length decimal representation, this should not cause an issue (SDP time stamps must continue counting seconds since 1900, NTP will use the value modulo the 64-bit limit).
Basic Session Description Protocol
Published in Radhika Ranjan Roy, Handbook of SDP for Multimedia Session Negotiations, 2018
The first and second subfields give the start and stop times, respectively, for the session. These values are the decimal representation of NTP time values in seconds since 1900 (RFC 1305). To convert these values to UNIX time, subtract decimal 2208988800. NTP timestamps are elsewhere represented by 64-bit values, which wrap sometime in the year 2036. Since SDP uses an arbitrary length decimal representation, this should not cause an issue (SDP timestamps MUST continue counting seconds since 1900, NTP will use the value modulo the 64-bit limit).
A neurocognitive study of the emotional impact of geometrical criteria of architectural space
Published in Architectural Science Review, 2021
Avishag Shemesh, Gerry Leisman, Moshe Bar, Yasha Jacob Grobman
The binocular 200 Hz eye tracking cameras of the Pupil Labs ET device are located inside the VR headset, very close to the eye itself (clip-on attachment rings with IR illuminators and USB connector clip).4 In both real and virtual environments, we move our eyes frequently (several times per second) back and forth over the visual field, to acquire useful information about the parts of the environment that we find most relevant and/or interesting. The visual field maps a large portion of the region in front of the observer, subtending approximately 130° vertically and 180° horizontally (Palmer 1999). The HTC-Vive VR headset has a field of view (FOV) of about 145 diagonal degrees when the eyes are about 10 mm away from the lenses, as the actual FOV perceived is about 100 horizontal degrees and about 110 vertical degrees.5 Although the FOV is slightly smaller in the VR of a headset, emergence is far greater than with a large screen, and the movement of the head compensates for this FOV reduction to a certain extent. We can then record the focus points and diameter behaviour along a Unix time (a computational system for describing a point in time) as we track spatial coordinates and export them, in addition to the data mentioned above.
Discovering vehicle usage patterns on the basis of daily mobility profiles derived from floating car data
Published in Transportation Letters, 2021
Danyang Sun, Fabien Leurent, Xiaoyan Xie
Consequentially, a new dataset of segmented trips was generated along with a series of describing features computed from raw FCD. The layout of the data constituted by single trips is illustrated in Figure 4, which includes trip frequency (trip_number: the sequence order of the trip), origin-destination locations (O_coords and D_coords: geo-coordinates in WGS 84), time window (Ots and Dts: timestamps in Unix time), trip distance (dist in km) and pointwise average driving speed (speed in km/h). As a consequence, 12,928 trips were identified for the 3,749 vehicles with an average trip frequency of 3.44, which is consistent with the EGT household travel survey conducted in 2010 with an average car trip number extracted as 3.56 (Yin 2019). The overall statistics of trips from FCD is summarized in Table 2.
Behavioral responses to pre-planned road capacity reduction based on smartphone GPS trajectory data: A functional data analysis approach
Published in Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2019
Xianbiao Hu, Yifei Yuan, Xiaoyu Zhu, Hong Yang, Kun Xie
The result of basis expansion is illustrated in Figure 4, where the black solid curves are observed trajectory data and the red dashed curves are based on B-Spline expansion. Raw GPS trajectory data consist of the longitude values and latitude values associated with Unix time. As illustrated in Figure 4, there are two curves to represent the trajectories temporally and spatially: longitude curve and latitude curve. All trips start from different time and might have different length. To make these trajectories comparable in curve shape perspective, all the unix time are standardized into the same scale. In this example, there are about 3000 data points in observed raw curve, while for B-spline expansion curves, there are only 20 B-splines. Which means that B-Spline expansion reduced the dimension of trajectory curves greatly without loss much information of the curves. In the other word, Basis expansion captures most features of the curve with only 20 coefficients.