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Health Promotion
Published in Rupa S. Valdez, Richard J. Holden, The Patient Factor, 2021
The Transtheoretical Model defines behavior change as a process involving five stages, each associated with different levels of preparedness, intentions, and likelihood of behavioral change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982). These stages are qualitatively different. People at different stages will act differently and require different interventions to move closer to their goals. The five stages of behavior change are: (1) precontemplation, in which people have no intention to change within the next 6 months; (2) contemplation, in which people have intentions to change within 6 months; (3) preparation, in which people are ready to initiate changes; (4) action, in which people have just made a change in their health behavior within the past 6 months; and (5) maintenance, in which people made changes to their health behavior more than 6 months prior and are engaging in self-regulation to avoid relapse. Previous research has applied this model to design tailored communication and strategies at different stages of change for various health promotion behaviors, such as PA promotion, weight loss, smoking and substance cessation, cancer screening adoption, and HIV prevention, among others. (Hutchison et al., 2009; Marshall & Biddle, 2001; Mastellos et al., 2014; Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983; Prochaska et al., 1994; Spencer et al., 2002, 2005; Sutton, 2001).
Communicating with the Road User
Published in Jan Theeuwes, Richard van der Horst, Maria Kuiken, Designing Safe Road Systems, 2017
Designing communication to drivers not only requires information about effective strategies, it also demands insight into the process of change itself. This is important because it is possible to follow the five steps described above, take into account all the necessary tools for the intervention discussed earlier in this chapter and still obtain no satisfactory result with the target group. This has to do with the fact that the people whoreceive the information or intervention may be in different stages of change. The Transtheoretical Model of Change (Prochaska and DiClemente 1983) provides a useful framework by distinguishing six stages of change in people: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance and termination.
Exploring the effectiveness of persuasive games for disease prevention and awareness and the impact of tailoring to the stages of change
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Dinesh Mulchandani, Alaa Alslaity, Rita Orji
To evaluate the game, we conducted a study involving 127 participants followed by a semi-structured interview of 18 participants to investigate how participants at different stages of behavior change are motivated by different versions of COVID Pacman. Users’ stages of change are identified by the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change, which suggests six stages of change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance). To explore how the different game versions motivate the behavior change in the participants, we explore the relations between the different game versions and the dimensions of motivation identified by the ARCS model of motivation (J. J. Keller, 2000). The ARCS model posits that there are four key elements to encourage and sustain motivation: Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction. Furthermore, we evaluated participants’ change in behavior intention to study the effectiveness of the game in promoting positive change in intention to adopt the precautionary measures from pre to post. Intention is known as a precursor of actual behavior change, and it is the most proximal predictor of behavior (Ajzen, 2011).
Reimagining the Food Shelf: Conceptualizing the Food Shelf as a Community Food Security Project
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2022
Adam Pine, Rebecca de Souza, Mary Baumgartner
In each of the above-mentioned cases, clients communicated a desire to eat healthy and make changes to their diets, but were not able to do so because they lacked one or more needed resources. The field of public health uses a theory called the Transtheoretical Model of Change or Stages of Change model, which operates on the assumption that people do not change behaviors immediately, but rather change occurs cyclically over a period of time. For each stage, there is a different recommended intervention for how to move individuals along the stages. The key here is to offer clients food and services based on their individual stage of change, which will vary by comfort-level, circumstances, and other factors. Unfortunately, the PEFS system is not designed to enable folks to manage dietary restrictions let alone facilitate their journeys toward better health and wellbeing. Further, we should note that since emergency food shelves are designed to provide short-term food bundles, this is not the time or place to promote wellness or change ingrained eating habits. Many food shelf clients live unhoused or in transitional housing facilities that lack cooking facilities, making lifestyle changes nearly impossible. That said, food shelves can be set up in a way that makes them more responsive to physical and mental health realities of clients.
Understanding Engagement in Sustainable Eating and Education: A Qualitative Study
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2022
Sarah Scott, Sue Booth, Paul Ward, Richard Woodman, John Coveney, Kaye Mehta
This study was underpinned by strong methodological foundations, namely, the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of behavior change (Glanz et al., 2015). Engagement of the research team in deliberations to achieve consensus on findings further enhanced the rigor and consistency of analysis. Despite these strengths a number of limitations should be noted. Firstly, the demographics of our sample did not adequately represent the group who participated in the FSM intervention; voluntary involvement resulted in a small sample that showed a high interest in sustainable eating. Consequently, perceptions of those less interested were not adequately captured. Secondly, the prolonged follow-up period of over 12 months may have impacted participants’ ability to recall details of their experience of FSM.