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Peak demand
Published in Jacopo Torriti, Peak Energy Demand and Demand Side Response, 2015
In the media as well as in fictional literature, representations abound of time as being squeezed, more and more valuable, but also less and less available. Two distinct disciplinary perspectives epitomise how, in social theory, time – in terms of temporal allocation of human tasks, routines and activities – has been recognised as playing a major role in energy demand. First, in time geography, time budget is seen as a concept delimiting the time available for discretionary activities (Jenkins and O’Leary, 1997). Second, concepts of squeezing time and hotspots of energy consumption have also been considered through the lenses of social practice theories (Southerton, 2003). Rush hours, hotspots and experiences of time squeeze have been seen as temporal manifestations of relations between practices (Pantzar and Shove, 2010).
Reliable space–time prisms in the stochastic road networks under spatially correlated travel times
Published in Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2020
Alireza Sahebgharani, Hossein Haghshenas, Mahmoud Mohammadi
Time geography is a central notion for analysing and understanding human movements considering both space and time dimensions in a unified framework (Hägerstraand 1970). Time geography gives feasible places a mobile object can attend under different temporal and spatial constraints imposed by the activity-travel system (Miller 2017). This concept revolves around the model of space–time prism (STP) demarcating accessible locations given origin, destination, and time budget of an individual (Kwan and Weber 2008; Song and Miller 2014). STPs have been widely used in practical cases such as: analysing accessibility to urban services (Chen et al. 2016b; Delafontaine, Neutens, and Van de Weghe 2012; Sahebgharani, Haghshenas, and Mohammadi 2019), constructing individual’s choice set (Chen and Kwan 2012), modelling social interactions (Farber et al. 2013), delineating mobility systems (Winter and Raubal 2006), and so on.
Unpacking older drivers’ mobility at roundabouts: Their visual-motor coordination through driver–vehicle–environment interactions
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 2019
Qian (Chayn) Sun, Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia, Jonathan Foster, Torbjörn Falkmer, Hoe Lee
Time geography has long been regarded as “an instructive approach to the study of time, space and human activities” (Duncan, 1984). It provides an effective environment to chart the backbone of movement patterns and can be extended to the representation of complex movement process in various applications, such as human activity modeling and microsimulation (Gugerty, 1997). Time geography is an elegant perspective for analyzing the interrelationships among individual activities in space and time (Miller, 2004). Hägerstrand (1970) emphasized the importance of time in human activity and the constraints that can limit the performance of human activities in physical space and time, which eventually shape the human movement patterns. Fundamental physical restrictions on abilities and resources are summarized as capability constraints, such as a person’s ability to trade time for space (Kiefer, Raubal, & Schlieder, 2010). The coupling constraint is the need for a person to present at a particular location at a certain time or during a specific time interval. Authority constraints set the limit for a person’s access to either spatial locations or time periods (Miller, 2005). The space–time context of a physical activity can be explicitly represented through its space–time path, and potential physical activities that are available to an individual in physical space and time can be depicted by space–time prisms (Hägerstrand, 1970, 1989). To understand human spatial behavior, mobility should be treated as a path “which orders events as a sequence, which separates cause from effect, which synchronizes and integrates” (Mozer & Vecera, 2005).