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Supercritical Microemulsions
Published in Promod Kumar, K. L. Mittal, Handbook of Microemulsion Science and Technology, 2018
Gregory J. McFann, Keith P. Johnston
A ternary system composed of oil, water, and surfactant can form a wide variety of aggregated structures. Two characteristic compositions are frequently studied: reverse micelle systems in which the amount of oil greatly exceeds the amount of water, and systems in which oil and water are present in relatively equal amounts (Winsor systems). Reverse micelle systems were discussed in the previous section; this section is devoted to Winsor systems having an oil phase composed of a supercritical fluid or compressed liquid alkane. It should be noted, however, that these two types of systems merely represent two specific regions in the space of ternary oil-water-surfactant compositions, and both are subject to the same thermodynamic considerations.
Mixture Behavior, Stability, and Azeotropy
Published in Juan H. Vera, Grazyna Wilczek-Vera, Classical Thermodynamics of Fluid Systems, 2016
Juan H. Vera, Grazyna Wilczek-Vera
For ternary systems, triangular diagrams are used. These diagrams are particularly useful in cases of liquid–liquid equilibria of two highly immiscible solvents containing a common solute. Figure 17.16 shows how to read the compositions (mole fractions or mass fractions) in a ternary diagram. All points lying on a line parallel to the side opposite to a pure compound vertex have the composition in that compound equal to the value of the intercept of the line with the axis of that compound.
Phase Diagrams
Published in Zainul Huda, Metallurgy for Physicists and Engineers, 2020
Basics. Ternary phase diagrams are the phase diagrams based on three-components systems; they enable us to compare three components at once. In order to view all three compositions at the same time, a triangular plot is set up with an element at each of the vertexes with the temperature and pressure stated (Huda and Bulpett, 2012). For example, the phase diagram for a stainless steel would show iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) compositions (see Figure 6.6).
Nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) as a pickering stabilizer in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions: a stability study
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2022
Andreia Ribeiro, Yaidelin A. Manrique, Isabel C.F.R Ferreira, Maria Filomena Barreiro, José Carlos B. Lopes, Madalena M. Dias
Ternary diagrams are convenient tools to represent three-component systems, as it is the case of emulsions (oil, water, and stabilizer). They have been used to represent systems besides thermodynamic equilibrium data, including emulsions,[43] and more recently Pickering emulsions.[44]
A lattice Boltzmann method for simulation of multi-species shock accelerated flows
Published in International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 2018
G. N. Sashi Kumar, N. K. Maheshwari
We have three equations and three unknown, thus the composition of ternary mixture can be uniquely determined. When the mixture contains more than three species, average mixture properties can be obtained and individual species composition cannot be determined uniquely.